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Speech Sound Processing in the Brain

Speech Sound Processing in the Brain. Mike Kilgard University of Texas at Dallas. Hearing and Language. Hearing. is in the BRAIN. What was that sound?. ?. ?. ?. ?. OR. ?. ?. ?. ?. High. 20. 18. 14. 16. 12. 10. 8. 6. 4. Low. 2 kHz.

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Speech Sound Processing in the Brain

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  1. Speech Sound Processing in the Brain Mike Kilgard University of Texas at Dallas

  2. Hearing and Language

  3. Hearing is in the BRAIN.

  4. What was that sound? ? ? ? ?

  5. OR ? ? ? ?

  6. High 20 18 14 16 12 10 8 6 4 Low 2 kHz 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Seconds 20 High 18 14 16 12 10 8 6 4 Low 2 kHz 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Seconds

  7. 8000 Hz 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 Frequency 1000 0 0 .5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 Seconds Spectrogram - Example Sounds

  8. Example Speech Sound - “Bad” 8000 Hz 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 Frequency 1000 0 0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 Seconds

  9. “Pad” vs. “Bad” 8000 Hz 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 Frequency 1000 Time 0 0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 Seconds

  10. Cash Gash Sash Rash Lash

  11. I wen t to the bea ch and played in the waves

  12. Your brain while hearing words.

  13. Brain Responses Da vs. Ga Normal Learning Impaired Kraus and colleagues, Science 1996

  14. Processing Speech in Noise

  15. Brain Responses to Speech in Noise

  16. How early are differences in brain responses apparent?

  17. Molfese, Brain & Language, 2000 Infant brain responses may predict reading 8 years later.

  18. Can anything be done to improve sound processing?

  19. Environmental Enrichment RedGroup Enriched Blue Enriched 20±10 vs. 75±20μV81±19 vs. 37±20 μV 22 rats total

  20. Environment Physically Alters the Brain! Standard Enriched

  21. Training Improves the Brain

  22. Before Training After Training

  23. How exactly does the brain process speech sounds?

  24. “Pad” vs. “Bad” 8000 Hz 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 Frequency 1000 Time 0 0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 Seconds

  25. Microelectrode

  26. Sad vs. Dad is Easy.  High Medium Low Time (milliseconds)

  27. Rad vs. Lad is Hard.  High Medium Low Time (milliseconds)

  28. But rats can’t hear speech. (or can they?) Dad? or Sad?

  29. Rat can distinguish most consonants!!!

  30. Although rats will never learn to talk or read, this new model is providing new insights into the early stages of speech processing and how they might be improved.

  31. Conclusions: 1. Hearing happens in the brain. ? ? ? ? 2. Fractions of a second matter. 3. The brain doesn’t always do a good job. 4. The brain can change. 5. Our new understanding of neural speech processing may aid development of new therapies.

  32. Acknowledgements: www.utd.edu/~kilgard Crystal Engineer Claudia Perez Helen Chen National Institute for Deafness and Other Communicative Disorders

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