1 / 30

Classifying Living Organisms

Classifying Living Organisms. Domains and Kingdoms. Carolus Linnaeus’ Classification System. Swedish botanist (1707-1778) Binomial Nomenclature – two-part scientific name Genus species Why Latin? Latin was the language known universally by the educated Also used as a descriptor.

Download Presentation

Classifying Living Organisms

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Classifying Living Organisms Domains and Kingdoms

  2. Carolus Linnaeus’ Classification System • Swedish botanist (1707-1778) • Binomial Nomenclature – • two-part scientific name • Genus species • Why Latin? • Latin was the language known universally by the educated • Also used as a descriptor

  3. Carolus Linneaus • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • species

  4. gray silk mangrove snapper mangrove pargue mango snapper pargue black pargue black snapper lawyer silk snapper Common Names for Lutjanus griseus

  5. Avoiding common names Cougar • Cat • Gato • Koshka • Chien • kitty Mountain Lion Puma Catamount Panther

  6. Classifying by Relationship • Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia • Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata • Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia • Order Carnivora Carnivora Carnivora • Family Canidae Canidae Felidae • Genus Canis Canis Felis • species familiaris latrans domesticus

  7. Domains

  8. 6 Kingdoms of Living Things • Archaebacteria • Eubacteria • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia

  9. Domain Archaeaor Kingdom Archaebacteria • Prokaryote • unicellular • Often do not need oxygen • Live in harsh environments; classified base on where they live (such as thermal vents deep in ocean, salt-lakes, acidic environments, some even in ice!)

  10. Domain or Kingdom: Bacteria • Prokaryote • unicellular • Often do need oxygen • Live and feed by decomposing other cells. • Some can do photosynthesis. • Cell walls made of peptidoglycan. • video

  11. Baceria Shapes

  12. Heterotrophic Bacteria 1. Free-living consumers: E. coli Azobacter converts initrogen into ammonium, making it available for plant use;E. coli lives in your colon, feeds on your waste and makes vitamin K for you. 2. Parasitic: Always needs an organism to get food or shelter (host): Impetigo is caused by strains Staphylococcus aureusor Streptococcus pyogenes. 3. Decomposers: Pseudomonas bacteria in the soil recycles dead plants and animals by turning them into minerals and nutrients that plants and microbes can use.

  13. Autotrophic Bacteria • Producers -> Use sunlight to make food and are often green. Example: • Cyanobacteria: Blue-green algae • Lives in water • Has chlorophyll (green pigment for photosynthesis) • Some others have blue or red pigment.

  14. Domain Eukaryota • Eukaryote • Unicellular or multicellular • Includes Kingdom Animalia, KingdomPlantae, Kingdom Fungi and Protista.

  15. Protist Kingdoms • Eukaryote • Unicellular • Heterotroph or Autotroph • No cell walls in Protozoa

  16. Protista includesProtozoa of 4 main groups: classified based on movement

  17. Protista includesseveral types of Algae and Seaweed classified based on chemical criteria (PS pigments)

  18. Kingdom Plantae • Eukaryote • multicellular • Autotrophs: Photosynthesis • Strong cell walls made of cellulose

  19. 4 Main Divisions of Plants

  20. Kingdom Fungi • Eukaryote • Multicellular or possibly unicellular • Heterotroph: absorb nutrients from decomposing organisms • Cell walls made of protein (chitin), not cellulose • video

  21. Fungi are classified by how they make SPORES

  22. 9 Major Animal Phyla • Porifera (sponges) • Cnidaria (jellyfish) • Platyhelminthes(flatworms) • Nematoda (roundworms) • Annelida (segmentedworms) • Mollusca (snails, clams, squid) • Arthropoda (insects, crabs) • Echinodermata (starfish) • Chordata (vertebrates)

  23. Kingdom Animalia • Eukaryote • multicellular • Heterotroph: eat other organisms • Cells lack cell walls

  24. VIRUS: NOT A KINGDOM!!

  25. What is a virus? • Non-living particle, smaller than a cell that can infect living organisms (hosts). • Structure of Virus: • Capsid (Protein coat) • Genetic Material (DNA • or RNA)

  26. How to Classify Viruses • By their shape • Type of disease they cause. • Kind of genetic material they have (DNA, RNA)

  27. Shapes:

  28. Lytic Cycle • Process used by virus using a cell to make more of their kind.

  29. Lysogenic Cycle

  30. Are virus alive? • Don’t eat, grow, or break down food. • They are not made of cells. • They need a host cell to reproduce. • There is no cure, only a treatment. • Antibiotics DO NOT kill viruses • Antiviral medications only stop viruses from reproducing.

More Related