INTERNATIONAL FIELD STUDY in GREECE:

1. CRETE and the CYCLADIC ISLANDS Anne CHAPIN, Jim REYNOLDS and Robert BAUSLAUGH Brevard College Brevard, NC 28712 INTERNATIONAL FIELD STUDY in GREECE:

2. Field experience in Geology and Archaeology Geology in a human, historical context International experience Interdisciplinary experience Presentation opportunity Web Page development BREVARD COLLEGEGEOL 270 Field Study in Geology: Geology and Archaeology of the Mediterranean Basin

3. Challenges Developing International Field Programs at a Small School • Small student body (600 Students) • Limited tradition of Field Courses and International Courses in most disciplines • No majors offered in Geology or Archaeology • No institutional funding • Limited time for an extended field trip during a semester-long course

4. Problem: Small student body (600 Students) Solutions • Make it interdisciplinary • Fulfills Lab Science Core Requirement (Reynolds) • Cross-listed with Art History 290 to fulfill Fine Arts Core Requirement (Chapin) • Will cross-list with History to fulfill Social Sciences Core Requirement (Bauslaugh) • Repeatable: • Students may only fulfill one requirement per year but may take the course multiple times if different venues are offered. • Travel Option: • Offer supplemental 2-credit course (GEOL 271) for students who just want to participate on the field trip.

5. Course Objectives • Introduce students to exemplary field sites • Provide students with an international experience • Introduce students to field research • Provide fora for classroom and internet presentation • Demonstrate the relationship between Earth Science and cultural development in antiquity using multiple examples

6. Based on: http:/www.directionsmag.com/images/newsletter/2003/02_26/greece_Turkey.jpg

7. Days 1-2: Geology and Archaeology of Athens Group photo on the Hill of the Muses, Athens

8. Visit the Acropolis and Agora Introduction to the classical monuments Introduction to the geological setting of Athens and its monuments Discuss marble – sources & qualities Air pollution and destruction to monuments History of excavation Overnight ferry to Crete Athens

9. Days 3-9:Crete A land shaped by plate tectonics Hike the Samaria Gorge • Overview of carbonate geology and compressional tectonics • Discussions of natural disasters affecting villages in the gorge • Earthquakes • Landslides • Floods • Mud/Debris flows

10. Visit Minoan palaces at Phaistos and Knossos Visit Minoan villas and towns at Ayia Triada, Mochlos, Palaikastro, and Gournia Right: Measuring alignments at Ayia Triada Archaeology and Geology of Minoan Crete

11. CreteKnossos, Palaikastro, Mochlos

12. Discussion of cave formation and karst topography Discussion of the importance of caves in Minoan religious practice of the Aegean Bronze Age Geology and Prehistoric Cult:The Skoteino and Diktaean Caves

13. Morning visit to Nea Kameni The Minoan eruption from the caldera center Resurgence in the post-eruption phase Lunch on Thirasia on the far side of the caldera Days 10-13: Volcanism on Santorini

14. Morning visit to harborside ruins Afternoon tour of the island Visited two ancient quarries, each containing a broken kouros Days 13-14: The marbles of Naxos

15. Days 15-16: Final IntersectionsDelos and Return to Athens • Morning visit to the Sanctuary of Apollo, Delos • Afternoon ferry to Athens

16. 2005 Salt Lake City Annual Meeting (October 16–19, 2005) Paper No. 80-4 Presentation Time: 8:45 AM-9:00 AM INTERNATIONAL FIELD STUDY IN CRETE AND THE CYCLADIC ISLANDS CHAPIN, Anne P., Fine Arts, Brevard College, 400 N. Broad St, Brevard, NC 28712, chapin@brevard.edu, REYNOLDS, James H. III, Division of Environmental Studies, Mathematics, and Natural Sciences, Brevard College, 400 N Broad St, Brevard, NC 28712-3498, and BAUSLAUGH, Robert A., Social Sciences, Brevard College, 400 N. Broad St, Brevard, NC 28712 Brevard College's GEOL 270 takes an interdisciplinary approach to exposing students to field study. The course is titled Field Study in Geology: and varies in subtitle. In 2005 the subtitle was Geology and Archaeology of the Mediterranean Basin. Team taught by a geologist and two classical archaeologists, students receive lab science credit toward fulfillment of the Core Curriculum. During the semester, class meets for one 2-hour session each week. Students present research on ancient Mediterranean cultures and their interactions with the geological environment. At semester's end, the class goes on a 2-3 week field trip to visit sites of one of the cultures. After the trip, students prepare web pages about their experiences. Students receive an incomplete in the course until the web page is completed. Course Enrollment varies between 15-20 students, ~3% of Brevard's student body. Students arrange their own flights with variable return dates. Field trip hotels and travel are arranged through in-country travel agents. Daily food allowances cover student meals. Faculty expenses and stipends are included in the program fee. The 2005 trip went to Athens and the Greek islands of Crete, Santorini, Naxos, Mykonos, and Delos. A highlight of Crete was a hike through the Samaria Gorge, a 2.6 km descent from mountaintop to seashore over a 17 km distance. Visits to the Skoteino Cave and Diktean Cave, the birthplace of Zeus, integrated Greek mythology and religion with the local geological environment. Our time on Santorini included visits to Akrotiri, the “Greek Pompeii” and to other islands in the group. On Naxos, visits were made to two ancient quarries from which the largest known marble statues were extracted. From Mykonos, the group visited the sacked Sanctuary of Apollo on Delos. Field topics included types of ancient building stone, Aegean tectonics, karst geology, Minoan archaeology, paleoseismology, Theran volcanism and tsunamis, and sources of obsidian and Bronze Age metals. The Greek trip undertook new research with student participation. Attempts were made to establish paleoseismic vectors from earthquake field evidence found at Minoan sites. We also measured the orientation of major walls for possible archeoastronomic significance. Surprising outcomes in these endeavors instigated numerous student discussions.