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Transformations of Total War

Transformations of Total War. Reminder: Film screening of Soldiers and Chocolate TONIGHT! Wed. March 31 7 pm CGIS 020 (our regular classroom). Recap:. Emergence of parliamentary democracy (imperial democracy) into 1920s New social tensions, 1920s-1930s Increased international tensions

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Transformations of Total War

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  1. Transformations of Total War Reminder: Film screening of Soldiers and Chocolate TONIGHT! Wed. March 31 7 pm CGIS 020 (our regular classroom)

  2. Recap: • Emergence of parliamentary democracy (imperial democracy) into 1920s • New social tensions, 1920s-1930s • Increased international tensions • Heightened anxiety over nature of modernity • ->Issues in expansion of empire, mobilization at home, to break the “impasse”

  3. Fascism: One strategy for comparative analysis Germany Mass party, Charismatic leader Holo- caust • Sense of social crisis • Latecomer international aspirations denied • Glorified national body and race • Anti-democratic • Anti-capitalist rhetoric, but not full state control: state-managed • capitalism • Autarchic empire • Aggressive foreign policywar Italy Church Pope, Emperor Japan Monarchy At the intersection: the “fascist minimum”

  4. Mobilizing for Total War • Suspicion of competition, control of industry • Promotion of cartels: Important Industries Control Law, 1931 • Increased central planning, 1936-7: Cabinet Planning Board • National General Mobilization Law: 1938 • Allows measures to “control material and human resources” WITHOUT legislative approval • The peak measure of state power

  5. Programs of the New Order: 1938-40 • Political New Order • Prince Konoe advisors’ concept of mass party • Outcome: Imperial Rule Assistance Association: 1940 • Economic New Order • Builds on “rationalizing” steps since late ’20s • Culminates in “Control Associations” of 1940 • Labor New Order • Modeled on Nazi Labor Front • Industrial Patriotic Service Association, 1940

  6. Transwar trends in political economy and society • Industrial policy • Three iterations: “self-control” circa early 1930s • State control: 1940 Control Associations • Postwar MITI: gets the state-private mix right? • Labor Organization • Wartime controls codify seniority wages • Patriotic Associations feed into inclusive employee unions • Agrarian Reform • Further weaken landlords, strengthen tenants

  7. Statist modernity: contradictions Tension between new and old roles for women

  8. Statist modernity: Contradictions Tension between new and old roles for women

  9. Overcoming Modernity Anti- modernism and its limits

  10. Overcoming Modernity

  11. Anti-modernism and its limits Overcoming modernity

  12. Fascism: One strategy for comparative analysis Germany Mass party, Charismatic leader Holo- caust • Sense of social crisis • Latecomer international aspirations denied • Glorified national body and race • Anti-democratic • Anti-capitalist rhetoric, but not full state control: state-managed • capitalism • Autarchic empire • Aggressive foreign policywar Italy Church Pope, Emperor Japan Monarchy At the intersection: the “fascist minimum”

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