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Interaction Design

Interaction Design. HCI @ CMU. Today’s objectives. Continue Design approaches (UCD, ACD) User-Centered Design Activity-Centered Design. The process of interaction design. Video: Tim Mott - watching users Paul Bradley - model building, user testing for the mouse.

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Interaction Design

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  1. Interaction Design HCI @ CMU

  2. Today’s objectives • Continue Design approaches (UCD, ACD) • User-Centered Design • Activity-Centered Design

  3. The process of interaction design Video: Tim Mott - watching users Paul Bradley - model building, user testing for the mouse

  4. Four threads of technical development 1) Prototyping and Iterative Development 2) New User Interface Software 3) Software Psychology and Human Factors 4) Models, Theories, and Frameworks Software crisis in the 60’s…

  5. Waterfall Life Cycle Model Requirement Definition User involvement System & Software Design Implementation Unit Testing Integration & System Testing • Sequential phases • Each phase complete before the next Operation & Maintenance

  6. Iterative design process Design • Involve users throughout the process • Process is highly iterative User Testing Prototyping From linear to iterative processes

  7. Approaches to IxD

  8. General Approaches in IxD Focus on users Find alternatives Use ideation and prototyping Collaborate and address constraints Create appropriate solutions Draw on a wide range of influences Incorporate emotion

  9. Four main approaches to working on interaction design projects User-centered design (UCD) Activity-centered design Systems design Genius design

  10. User-Centered Design Process • Identifying needs • Establish requirements • Developalternative designs to meet needs • Buildprototypes that can be communicated and assessed • Evaluate - throughout process evaluate what is being built and user experience it offers

  11. UCD : Designer Roles Involve users in every stage of project. Consult users at start to see if project addresses needs. Conduct extensive research to determine user goals. Ideation, users brought in to help generate concepts - known as Participatory design. Evaluate and test prototypes with users.

  12. User-Centered Design • Premise of UCD: • Users know best. • Users of product or service know what their needs, goals, and preferences are. • Designers must find those things and design for them.

  13. UCD : Designer Roles Designers facilitate achievement of users' goals. Participation from users at every stage process, ideally. Designers try to fit products to people, not people to products.

  14. People must adapt to or accommodate the design. Source: http://www.baddesigns.com/

  15. Wait to see where people walked – paths formed Fit products to people instead people to products.

  16. Wait to see where people walked – paths formed Fit products to people instead people to products.

  17. UCD : Designer Roles • UCD is best at getting designers to move away from their own preferences • … and to focus on user preferences.

  18. UCD @ IBM

  19. IBM | User-Centered Design principles • Set business goals • Determine market, users, and competition. • Understand users • Assess competitiveness • Ongoing awareness of competition. • Design total user experience (UX) • Everything a user sees and touches • Evaluate designs • Manage by continual user observation Source: http://www-01.ibm.com/software/ucd/design.html

  20. IBM | User-Centered Design process • Market definition • Define the target audience… • Task analysis • Understand the users' goals and tasks… • Competitive evaluation • Determine strengths and weaknesses of competition. • Design and walk-through • Create alternative proposed solutions, solicit feedback… • Evaluation and validation • User feedback on the evolving design and iterate design… • Benchmark assessment • Benchmark assessment against competition… Source: http://www-01.ibm.com/software/ucd/design.html

  21. Activity Centered Design

  22. Activity-Centered Design Roots in Activity theory - when people interact with environment, production of tools results. Tools are "exteriorized" forms of mental processes.

  23. Activity-Centered Design I want to be able to… Decision-making and internal mental state of user de-emphasized. What people do and tools they create are most important – not user.

  24. Activity-Centered Design ACD allows designers to focus on the work at hand and create support for activity itself.

  25. Activity-Centered Design • Suited for: • complicated actions • products with many diverse users.

  26. Activity-Centered Design • Here, task is most important, not user goals. • Looking for most efficient and effective way to complete task. • Many different people may be in this job. Focused not necessarily on user’s goals but on actions and decisions, known as tasks.

  27. Activity-Centered Design • Observe and interview users for insight about behavior. • Catalog users activities and tasks, and design solutions to help users accomplish tasks. Like UCD, ACD relies on research as the basis for its insights.

  28. An Agile Approach to User Experience and Design

  29. Agile Manifesto • Uncovering better ways of developing software by doing it and helping others do it. Through this work we have come to value: • Individuals and interactions over processes and tools • Working software over comprehensive documentation • Customer collaboration over contract negotiation • Responding to change over following a plan http://agilemanifesto.org/

  30. Agile @ IBM http://www-01.ibm.com/software/ucd/agileuxd.html

  31. 1. Incorporating continuous user feedback All stakeholders (principals, users, partners/deployers, and developers) should be an integral part of the design and development team.

  32. 2) Working across multiple iterations User research and high-level design before code development, even though design will change over iterations. User research and design for a specific iteration should precede the actual code development for that release. Usability evaluations with live code after the milestone is made available to users.

  33. 3) Understanding your stakeholders • User research should include • a definition of the roles, • personas, • goals, • tasks, • environment of use, and • limitations and constraints. • Use cases and user stories should be used to describe the overall value of the product.

  34. 4) Designing the user experience Use high-fidelity prototyping for user interactions that are difficult to code (to eliminate waste). Get iterative user feedback on designs prior to code development to ensure development time is well spent. Product builds can also be used for early user feedback and evaluation. Design must be communicated to the development team. Design changes should be communicated through daily meetings.

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