Dwayne Cargill Lecturer Colbourne College February 20, 2017

1. Unit 6: Managing a Successful Business ProjectUnit 4: Research ProjectUnit 18: Researching Current Issues in Aviation Dwayne Cargill Lecturer Colbourne College February 20, 2017

2. Content • Learning Outcome 2: • Be able to implement the research project within agreed procedures and to specification. • AC 2.2: Undertake the proposed research investigation in accordance with the agreed specification and procedures • AC 2.3: Record and collate relevant data where appropriate

3. Learning Objectives • At the end of this session, Learners should be able to: • P5 Carry out research into the issue affecting the aviation/business industry using appropriate sources of information. • To achieve P5, you must carry out the research as per the plan in AC 1.5. This requires different types of sources to be used, not merely different examples of the same type. There must be evidence of referencing of all sources using an accepted convention, this is likely to be evidenced by a bibliography using Harvard referencing or another accepted method.

4. Research and Collection Methods • The methods you use to collect your information and eventually turn it into data will be determined by the variables and relations in your research (consumersinternational.org, 2013). • Data types can be divided into two main categories: • Primary data is collected and targeted specifically for the research project • Secondary data is additional data gathered for other purposes but with some application in the research

5. Data Collection • Ensure that you have approval to collect data as well as consent from your subject. • Observation can be further broken down into other methods: • Non-participant observation occurs through the recoding of events, actions or behaviours are observed by the researcher as an outsider. • Participant observation is when the observers hide the real purpose of their presence as a participant, as an example ‘mystery shopping’. • Laboratory observation is used mainly in product testing research

6. Data Collection • Communication – both oral and written • Oral – personal interviews and group discussions (semi-structured or unstructured) are mostly used to collect qualitative data and require an experienced interviewer. • Written – questionnaires or surveys offer the possibility to collect a tremendous amount of varied data, with a reduced margin for errors by the interviewer.

7. Data Collection • Experimentation is when the researcher introduces an independent variable, such as price, on a dependent variable such as sales volume. This method is very effective in measuring cause-and-effect relations between two variables. • You will need to consider all the elements of each of these data collection methods for substantiating, clarifying and supporting aspects covered by the research – should any questions, queries or challenges be raised about the research afterwards.

8. Process for Data Collection • Ohrc.on.can (n.d.) notes that when carrying out an investigation, one should know: • Who will the data be collected about? • Who will the group of interest be compared to? • What locations or geographical areas will the data be gathered from? • What categories will be used to identify the group of interest and comparator group?

9. What sources of data should be used to collect information? • OHRC (n.d.) identify the following sources of data that should be used to collect information in your investigation: • Pre-existing or official data (secondary sources) • Survey data • Interviews and focus groups • Observed data

10. Thinking about Time Management • By organising your time and planning ahead you can identify important deadlines. Paush (2013) recommends: • Plan ahead - Make a schedule of things that need to get done ahead of time. • Use planning aids: • Wall chart and diary • Daily planners or organizers can be really useful. • Calendars or Wall Charts • Jotters

11. Thinking about Time Management • To Do Lists: • Allow a 10 minutes each morning to examine the list of tasks you have to complete. Research has shown that one minute spent planning saves ten minutes of your time! • Are your tasks manageable in the day, or do you need to break them down into smaller tasks over a longer period? • Make use of committed time • Use blocks of time • Do not fill all available time, leave time for the unexpected or unplanned jobs • Know how much time things are worth

12. Data Protection and Security • It is important to make sure to protect the identity of your patients through anonymisationand encryption methods and back-up your data regularly (Browne, 2014). • It is also important not to lose the data as a result of your computer crashing or the hard drive where you store the data failing. It is therefore very important that you backup your data regularly, both raw data and processed data

13. AC 2.3: Record and collate relevant data where appropriate • Gather, record and organize the relevant data using the planned and approved method to complete the investigation / primary research.Keep a log with updates on weekly research/tasks achieved. Points to consider: • What have you completed? • Did you fulfil task requirements? • Are you on track and within deadlines set? • Did you need to make any changes to your project management plan? • Submit this as addendum in the appendix of the assignment

14. Recording Data • An important parts of carrying out scientific research is to record all the details of the equipment or instrument settings, details of the methods used and the results or data obtained as without this, the credibility of the research is in question as the details of the research cannot be presented for your peers to examine it (Browne, 2014). • There are many ways in which these details can be recorded, for example all these details can be recorded in: • a physical notebook, • or in a ring-binder folder, or • directly logged in an excel sheet on the PC or even using electronic tablet devices to both record the details and also take photos of the experimental set-up.

15. Purpose of recording data • Browne (2014) note the following: • Observing more experienced researchers carry out their experimental work and the way in which they record the details of their work can help others develop an approach to data collection and recording. • Being meticulous in recording all the details of the experimental set-up and methods will help you also in analyzingand interpreting your data. • Keeping all of your data and notes from data collection organized prevents important details/vital pieces of data prevent the lost of data.

16. Complete your Weekly Log • Use this log to document the activities undertaken to carry out the research. • Your research plan and milestones provide useful information to be tracked for the research period. Some important activities to pay attention to: • Number of respondents engaged • Number of data entered for analysis • Data analyses • Chapters written

17. Monitoring Activities • According to WHO.int (2014) monitoring activities in your proposal include: steps you will take to assess the progress of the project (e.g, the extent to which timelines are being adhered to) so that any problems or issues can be detected early and changes made early. • Such monitoring activities are usually associated with specific milestones or timeline events within your project.

18. Monitoring Activities • A description of the monitoring component should include: • Identifying the resources needed for the project, and the precautions you will take to ensure these resources will be appropriately used. • Adherence to the research design procedures to ensure they are being followed correctly and in a timely manner. • Connections between the intervention and quality of data. • Plans for how the research team intends to communicate and coordinate with the study population, other collaborating groups and/or funding authorities.

19. References • Browne, Jacinta (2014) Getting Started With Research - Carrying Out Your Research Project Paper 45 retrieved from http://arrow.dit.ie/scschphyart/45 • Consumersinternational.org (2013) How to Conduct Effective Research retrieved from http://www.consumersinternational.org/news-and-media/resource-zone/how-to-conduct-effective-research/ • Ohrc.on.can (n.d.) What is involved in collecting data: Six steps to success retrieved on February 19, 2017 from http://www.ohrc.on.ca/en/count-me-collecting-human-rights-based-data/6-what-involved-collecting-data-%E2%80%93-six-steps-success • WHO.int (2014) Developing an Implementation Research Proposal retrieved from http://www.who.int/tdr/publications/year/2014/participant-workbook2_030414.pdf