Unit 2 Biology Revision Game

1. Unit 2 Biology Revision Game Finish Start

2. Unit 2 Biology Revision Game Person who rolls the highest number on dice starts First player rolls the dice and moves forward the indicated number of spaces If the player lands on a white square, play moves to the next player. If the player lands on a green square, they must answer a question. If they answer correctly they roll the dice and move again. If they answer incorrectly play moves to the next player. If the player lands on a red square, they pick up a red card and follow the instructions on that card, play then moves to the next player. The first player to land exactly on the finish square is the winner. Unit 2 Biology Revision Game Person who rolls the highest number on the dice starts First player rolls the dice and moves forward the indicated number of spaces If the player lands on a white square play moves to the next player. If the player lands on a green square, they must answer a question. If they answer correctly they roll the dice and move again. If they answer incorrectly play moves to the next player. If the player lands on a red square they pick up a red card and follow the instructions on that card, play then moves to the next player. The first player to land exactly on the finish square is the winner.

3. Q Define the term abiotic. A The non living components of an ecosystem. Q Define the term biotic. A The living components of an ecosystem. Q What is a resource? A Any factor required by an organism to survive and reproduce. Q Give an example of a resource. A Food, water, mates, shelter. Q What might restrict the availability of resources? A Over population, environmental factors. Q Define an adaptation. A Structural, physiological or behavioural feature that enables the organism to survive and reproduce. Q Define structural adaptation. A A physical feature that enables the organism to survive and reproduce in its environment. Q Define behavioural adaptation. A any action or pattern of actions displayed by an organism to help it survive and reproduce in its environment. Q Define physiological adaptation. A The internal functioning of an organisms that allows it to survive and reproduce Q Describe a behavioural adaptation of the animal , state how it assists the animal. Q Describe a behavioural adaptation of the animal , state how it assists the animal. Q Describe a structural adaptation of the animal. State how it helps the animal survive. Q Describe a structural adaptation of the rose. State how it assists the rose to survive. A flowers, stomata, etc Q Describe a physiological adaptation of a rose. A regulation of water loss photosynthesis Q Outline the pathway an impulse would take from the stimulus to the response. A Stimulus -> receptor-> sensory nerve -> spinal cord -> brain -> spinal cord -> motor neurons -> effector -> response Describe a structural adaptation of the animal. State how it helps the animal survive. Q What is a nerve cell called? A neuron Q What are the three types of neuron? A sensory, motor, interneurons Q What is the function of a dendrite? A To receive the impulse from another neuron or possible a receptor. Q what is the function of the myelin sheath? A to speed up impulse and ensure correct pathway Q What is a neurotransmitter? A a chemical released form one neuron to activate the next neuron or effector Q What is homeostasis? A The maintenance of internal conditions such as temperature, glucose and oxygen levels and water balance within tolerance limits Q What are two physiological responses to an increase in internal body temperature? A sweating, vasodilation, reduced metabolic rate. Q Outline the stimulus response model for sweating. A increase in internal temp-> thermoreceptor in hypothalamus-> interneurons-> spinal cord-> motor neurons -> sweat glands -> reduction in core temp.

4. Q What are 2 physiological responses to a decrease in internal body temperature A vasoconstriction, shivering, goosebumps Q Humans are some of the few animals that are able to sweat. How do animals such as a dog reduce internal heat, A panting, licking forepaws Q How do cold blooded animals such as reptiles control their internal body temperature. A Q Define the term Habitat. A Part of an ecosystem in which an animal lives, feeds and reproduces Q What is zonation? A horizontal differences in abiotic conditions that give rise to distinctive zones Q What is stratification? A vertical differences in abiotic conditions giving rise to layers or strata Q What is the most common technique used to the distribution of organisms in an area? A Transect Q How can plants control temperature? A opening and closing the stomata Q How can plants control water loss? A opening and closing of stomata Q Which hormone is responsible for elongation of cells in phototropism? A auxin Q Which hormone is responsible for cell elongation in geotropism? A auxin Q What is phototropism? A growth movement of a shoot in response to the stimulus of electromagnetic energy Q What is geotropism? A growth movement of a shoot in response to the stimulus of gravity Q What is photoperiodism? A the physiological reaction of organisms to the length of day or night. Q What is a receptor? A a cell or organ that detect specific stimuli. Q The endocrine system controls which group of chemicals? A Hormones Q Is water balance under nerve or endocrine control? A Both, nerves from hypothalamus to pituitary, then pituitary releases the hormone anti diuretic hormone. Q How do the endocrine and nerve systems differ in terms of speed of action and duration of response. A NS is fast and short acting, ES is slow and longer acting Q What is an ectotherm? A organisms that depend on absorbing heat form the external environment to maintain body temperature. Q What is an endotherm? A An organism that use heat generated by metabolic activity to maintain internal heat. Q What is the control of water in the body referred to? A Osmoregulation Q What are the receptors for water balance called? A Osmoreceptors Q Where are the receptors for water regulation found? A Hypothalamus Q What do the receptors of water balance actually detect? A concentration of water in the blood.

5. Q How do desert animals reduce the amount of water lost? A produce highly concentrated urine, sometimes in solid form Q What is rhythmic behaviour? A response to biotic and abiotic factors that go through regular patterns. These may be daily, seasonal. Q What does the term diurnal mean? A active during the day, sleep at night. Q What does the term nocturnal mean? A active at night, asleep during the day Q What are the main ways organisms communicate? A verbally, chemically, visually Q Why is communication between organism important? A obtain a mate, parenting, community living, obtaining food etc Q What are the two main types of reproductive behaviour? A courtship (including mating) and parenting Q Distinguish between mitosis and meiosis. A mitosis produces 2 identical daughter cells with 2n, meiosis produces 4 daughter cells with n Q What is migration? A seasonal movement of whole or partial communities Q What does the term metamorphosis mean? A a change from one form to another in organisms Q What is alternation of generation? A life cycle in plants involving a gametophyte and a sporophyte stage Q What types of plants use alternation of generation? A mosses, liverworts and ferns Q Describe a structural adaptation of the marram grass. State how it assists the plant to survive. A tubular leaves, silver colour hairs Q Describe an asexual reproductive strategy used by marram grass. A Runners to help some part of the plant to remain anchored and spread. Q Describe a sexual reproductive strategy used by marram grass. A Flowers which use the wind to disperse pollen and seeds. Q Describe a structural adaptation of the blue ringed octopus. State how it assists the animal to survive. Q Describe a behavioural adaptation of the blue ringed octopus. State how it assists the animal to survive. A ink, hiding, Q Outline the life cycle of a fern A Q What makes up the central nervous system? A brain and spinal cord Q Describe an example of a courtship display involving verbal communication. A frog calls, cats howling etc Q Describe an example of a courtship display involving visual communication. A peacock or lyre bird tails, mallee bird mound etc Q Describe an example of a territorial display involving olfactory (smell) communication A dogs urinating Q What flower features would a plant have that relied on small mammals for pollination? A Large, nectar, aroma, deeper in plant Q What is the action of antidiuretic hormone? A Increases reabsorption of water into the blood from the distal tubules and collecting ducts of nephrons in the kidney’s.

6. Q What is a community? A Populations of various organisms living in the same location at the same time Q True or False: A community consists of ecosystems. A False, ecosystems are made up of communities Q What is an ecosystem? A A a biological unit comprising the community living in a discrete region, the non living surroundings and the interactions occurring within the community and between the community and surroundings Q How is a community usually named? A according to dominant vegetation and growth form Q What is an ecological niche? A Way of life of an organism in an ecosystem Q Define the term producer? A an autotrophic organism that can synthesise organic matter from inorganic matter Q True or False: A producer is an autotroph. A True Q Define the term consumer. A any organism that cannot manufacture its own food, but depends on other organisms for food Q True or false: Consumers are autotrophic. A False, consumers are heterotrophic Q Define the term decomposer A An organism such as fungi or bacteria which breaks down complex organic matter into simpler matter Q True or false: plants are the only autotrophic organisms A False, some autotrophs use chemosynthesis and these are not plants Q What is the equation for photosynthesis? A carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen + water Q What is the equation for respiration? A Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy Q What is the main source of energy for photosynthesis? A electromagnetic energy or sunlight Q True or false: ecological groupings refers to organisms being categorised as a producer, consumer or decomposer A True Q True or false: competition can only occur between two members of the same species. A False competition can also occur between members of different species Q How do mutualism and commensalism differ? A mutualism both organisms benefit, commensalism only one benefits but other organism is not harmed. Q True or false: commensalism, parasitism and mutualism are forms of symbiosis. A True Q Name the producers A Plants Q Name a 1st order consumer. A mouse, cricket, squirrel rabbit Q Name the 2nd. Order consumers A fox, frog, mouse, snake Q Name the 3rd. Order consumers. A owl, snake Q Name an omnivore A mouse Q Name the herbivores. A mouse, cricket, squirrel rabbit

7. Q Name the carnivores. A mouse, frog, fox, owl, snake Q What type of ecological Group is missing from the food web. A decomposers Q Give an example of a predator prey relationship A Any example where one organism consumes another Q How do parasitism and predation differ? A Parasitism is slower and the host is not usually killed Q Give an example of parasitism. A some egs are fleas, heartworm, tapeworm, ticks Q Give an example of mutualism. A Lichen, remora fish and shark Q True or false: In a parasite host relationship, the host is always killed by the parasite. A False Q True or false: A predator prey relationship is an example of mutualism. A False Q What is the process by which autotrophs capture and transform energy for use in an ecosystem. A photosynthesis Q What is the main autotroph in the worlds oceans? A Phytoplankton Q In what form of energy is energy stored in the tissues of organisms? A chemical energy Q What is meant by the term trophic level? A A feeding level in the food chain of an ecosystem. Q What is a detritivore? A An organism that feeds on small pieces of dead plant or animal matter Q True or false: A primary consumer is an autotroph A False it is a heterotroph Q True or false: A predator in an ecosystem is at the third trophic level. A True Q True or false: the energy transfer from one trophic level to the next is 100% efficient. A False Q True or false: Energy moves through an ecosystem as the chemical energy of organic matter A True Q True or false: Producers can capture and transform radiant energy. A True Q True or false: energy may be stored in tissue or lost as heat A True Q Approximately how much energy is believed to be available for transfer from one trophic level to the next? A 10% Q How can biologists show the transfer of energy or energy flow within an ecosystem? A food chains or food webs Q Identify two ways a consumer “loses” energy so that it cannot be passed onto the next trophic level. A cellular respiration gives off heat, energy stored in the tissues. Q What is biomass? A The total amount of matter (mass) of living material in an ecosystem at a particular time Q A large gum tree has a number of organisms living on it. What would the numbers pyramid for this ecosystem look like? A First level would be the smallest since only 1 tree, then follows normal pattern

8. Q Distinguish between a numbers pyramid and a biomass pyramid. A The numbers pyramid shows numbers or organisms at each level while a biomass pyramid shows the actual mass of the organisms at each trophic level. Q Distinguish between a numbers pyramid and an energy pyramid. A The numbers pyramid shows numbers or organisms at each level while an energy pyramid shows the amount of energy entering each trophic level of an ecosystem over a period of time. Q True or false: A pyramid of energy cannot be inverted A True Q What trophic level(s) would be occupied by a carnivorous plant? A both producer and consumer Q Name three forms of organic carbon. A Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids Q Name the inorganic form of carbon found in the atmosphere. A Carbon dioxide Q What is bioaccumulation? A The accumulation of non biodegradable matter in the tissues of one organism, past along from the previous one in the food chain Q What is a population? A The number of a specific species living in a particular area at a particular time. Q Why is nitrogen important for living things? A Required to produce proteins (for tissue production and metabolic processes ) and nucleic acids (reproduction and tissue production) Q Name the two organic chemicals that contain nitrogen A Protein, nucleic acids Q In what form can carbon be stored in the ground? A fossil fuels, limestone Q What is meant by the distribution of populations? A The spread of members of a population over a given area. Q Why is water important to all living things? A Required for metabolic processes, transport, hydration of cells. Q In what form do plants take up nitrogen from the soil? A ammonium ions, nitrate ions Q What type of organism is able to fix nitrogen for use by plants? A nitrogen fixing bacteria (eg Azotobacter, Rhizobium, Frankia) Q True or false: Populations affect other populations A True Q Name two ways water enters the atmosphere. A transpiration, evaporation Q How does water return to the soil for use by organisms? A precipitation (rain) Q What is a limiting factor? A A factor that may restrict the distribution of a species. Q True or false: Increases in prey population size are expected to be followed by an increase in predator population size. ATrue Q Give an example of a change in an ecosystem that is due to human intervention. A deforestation, mining, oil spills, pollution etc Q Identify a sporadic change agent that acts on an ecosystem. A drought, floods Q Identify a regular change agent that acts on an ecosystem. A seasonal climatic changes, tides Q True or false: Population size is the result of birth, death and migration rates. A True

10. You have not found a mate go back two spaces. You have not found shelter miss a turn You have entered a mutualistic relationship move ahead 2 spaces. You have gotten a parasite go back 3 spaces You have been eaten go back three spaces You do not enough oxygen to respire, miss a turn Your temperature has dropped, you need to move around. Move forward 1 space Your temperature is too high, so you have become lethargic. Miss a turn. You are infested with fleas and cannot stop scratching, miss a turn. Global warming means an increase in carbon dioxide you are able to photosynthesise more, move forward 2 places. You have been successful hunting, and have caught some prey. Move forward 4 spaces. You have out competed a competitor, move ahead 2 spaces. You have been out competed by a predator, move back 2 spaces. You have no shelter, move back 3 spaces. You have found a good place to shelter, move forward 1 space. You have found a suitable mate, move forward 3 spaces. The habitat has changed, but you do not have the structural adaptation to find enough food. Miss a turn. The habitat has changed, and you have a structural adaptation that allows you to find enough food. Move forward 3 spaces. A dam has been built and the water flow is reduced, move back 1 space. There has been a prolonged drought and the water way is drying up. Move back 2 spaces. There has been a flash flood and it has washed away your shelter, move back 3 spaces. There has been a flood and this has provided you with more food, move forward 3 spaces. The drought has reduced your food supply, miss a turn, The temperature is too low for bacteria and fungi to break down dead organisms, so less nutrients for the soil, miss a turn.

11. The myelin sheath of your motor neurons is deteriorating and you cannot control your movements. Miss a turn. The temperature is cold and your are shivering keeping core temperature within tolerance limits. Move forward 1 space. You have entered into a mutualistic relationship, move forward 2 spaces. A bush fire ahs destroyed your habitat, move back 3 spaces. You have been poisoned by a taipan. Miss a turn. You have successfully infected a host, move forward 2 spaces. Not enough hormone produced to rehydrate blood. Go back 1 space. Auxin causes growth for maximum exposure to sunlight move forward 2 spaces. You have been bitten by a red back spider. Go back 2 spaces. Your population has increased beyond the carrying capacity of the habitat, miss a turn. Auxin causes growth of roots in the correct direction. Move forward 1 space. You are feeding up to get ready for hibernation. Move forward 1 space. You are getting ready to migrate to winter feeding grounds. Miss a turn. You have reached your summer feeding grounds after a long migration, move forward 1 space. You have learned to use a tool to obtain bugs, move forward 1 space. You have been stung by a scorpion, go back 1 space. You have been eaten by a shark, go back 3 spaces. Conditions are right for germination, move forward 1 space. You have finished your transect and can leave the ecosystem. Move forward 1 space. You have accumulated too much DDT in your tissues and cannot produce viable offspring. Miss a turn. You are not able to get enough nitrogen, miss a turn. Your habitat has been restored, move forward 2 spaces. You have successfully communicated to find food. Go forward 1 space. You have been out competed for your territory, miss a turn.

12. You don’t have enough water, go back 2 spaces. You have caught in a cyclone and your habitat has been destroyed, miss a turn. You have been caught in an oil spill, go back 3 spaces. You have been sheltered from a predator by an anemone, move forward 2 spaces. Due to a drought, the salinity of the water is getting higher, go back 2 spaces. You have been exposed for too long on the rock platform and are starting to dehydrate, go back 2 spaces You are fighting over a mate, miss a turn. You have ingested a poison that blocks receptor sites in neurons, miss a turn. You are loosing too much water, so close stomata and now cannot photosynthesise. Move back 1 space. You are in soil that is waterlogged and roots cannot get enough oxygen. Miss a turn. Severe wave action has dislodged you from the rocks, go back 1 space. Not enough water, you are starting to wilt. Go back 2 spaces. Waterway has been polluted by heat, lack of oxygen. Go back 2 spaces. The remora fish cleaned off parasites, go forward 1 space. Increased water flow in the river, move forward 2 spaces. Your claws allowed you to break apart a rotting log to get to termites, move forward 2 spaces. You only come out at night to avoid the heat of the day, go forward 1 space. You have poisoned an attacker, go forward 1 space. Ice cap is melting, so unable to get enough food, go back 2 spaces. You go and lie under a tree to avoid overheating, miss a turn. You successfully escape a predator, move forward 2 spaces. You are hyperventilating, so too much CO2, go back 1 space. You are basking in the sun to raise your internal body temperature. Go forward 1 space Your receptors have detected an increase in internal body temperature and responded, move forward 2 spaces.