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Some basic definitions

Some basic definitions. Quote: exactly the same as original– Full or partial sentence Or single word. Some basic definitions. Paraphrase: same meaning as original Written in your words* Written with your syntax Roughly the same length and level of detail as original

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Some basic definitions

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  1. Some basic definitions • Quote: exactly the same as original– • Full or partial sentence • Or single word

  2. Some basic definitions • Paraphrase: same meaning as original • Written in your words* • Written with your syntax • Roughly the same length and level of detail as original * What about technical or precise terms?

  3. Some basic definitions • Summary: same overall meaning as original • Written in your words* • Written with your syntax • Captures main idea • Shorter than original • May omit details

  4. Which option? • Source’s relevance • Background? • Evidence? • Influential?

  5. Quoting Two good reasons to quote: The passage you want to use is distinctive You intend to analyze the quote and the exact words matter

  6. All else is over-quoting It looks LAZY

  7. Over-quoting • The appeal to authority defense: • Signal phrases indicating authority can be used in quotes, paraphrases, and summaries

  8. Summarizing Background A nugget, or the gist of an argument Source isn’t quotable or paraphrasable, but still serves a purpose when distilled.

  9. Paraphrasing Should be the bulk of your use of sources Helps incorporate your source material into your own ideas/argument

  10. Paraphrase/Quote combo Hybridize – esp. if a phrase seems distinct, but not the entire passage Krugman argues that bipartisanship is not, in fact, democratic, but rather a way to circumvent the voice of the people by “assembling assembling some conservative Democrats and ultraconservative Republicans — all of them with close ties to the wealthy, and many who are wealthy themselves.”

  11. In-text Citations In-text citations give credit: • For summaries from sources • For paraphrases of sources • For quotes But not: • For common knowledge • For your own ideas

  12. In-text Citations Basic format for MLA style: (surname page #): (Jackson 211).

  13. If author’s name is mentioned in the signal phrase… According to Williams, New Orleans has become a city enslaved to its history (23).

  14. If no author… Cite work using the first word or words in the title: ("Commuting" 76)

  15. Organizations can be authors! World Health Organization United States Census Bureau Weight Watchers Some organizations use a mix of “personal” and “corporate” authors on their websites, so look for bylines

  16. Paraphrase “For those who got apartments instead of trailers, the rental assistance program has been rife with confusing letters, repetitive requests and conflicting information from FEMA.” Refugees who were given apartments have not received clear information from the rental assistance program (Dewan). No page # -> website

  17. Author mentioned in signal phrase  Summaries According to Dewan, refugees from Hurricaine Katrina are increasingly treated as if they are responsible for the termination of their temporary housing. Summary of 2 page article. 

  18. Quote Dewan notes that even the agency workers are becoming frustrated: “[they] no longer bother to conceal their anger and astonishment at the constant change in policies and how they are carried out”.

  19. Quote Note the punctuation format: Quotation marks + paranthentical + period Bullfighting is often considered “an unusual blend of bravado and despair” (Clark 243).

  20. Long Quotes Set off a long quotation (more than four typed lines) in block format by starting it on a new line and indenting each line one inch, or ten spaces, from the left margin. Do not enclose the passage in quotation marks (50a1).

  21. Long Quotes According to one FBI agent responsible for interrogating Zubadayah, it’s not true that early interviews didn’t yield results: It is inaccurate, however, to say that Abu Zubaydah had been uncooperative. Along with another F.B.I. agent, and with several C.I.A. officers present, I questioned him from March to June 2002, before the harsh techniques were introduced later in August. Under traditional interrogation methods, he provided us with important actionable intelligence (Soufan).

  22. Place in-text cite close to material • Poetry, far from being a quiet art, should be "enjoyed, out-loud and in your face" (Rogers 119). • Why?

  23. If you have several quotes/paraphrases/summaries in a row from the same source Put your in-text cite at the end of the run Use signal phrases where origin of info might be unclear BUT….

  24. If you have several quotes/paraphrases/summaries in a row from different people • Put your in-text cite at the end of each person’s contribution, even if it goes Blah blah blah (Roberts 212). Blah blah blah (Smith 10). Blah blah blah (Roberts 212). Blah blah blah (Smith 13).

  25. Cite full range of pages you refer to (McChesney 455-460)

  26. All In-Text Citations • Should direct the reader to an item on the Works Cited List: • (“Commuting” 76) – there should be an entry in your Works Cited that begins “Commuting …” • (World Health Organization) – there should be an entry listed under the author World Health Organization

  27. Alphabetical order! No spaces between entries!

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