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Hierarchies of Matter

general features: constituents observed as free particles. Hierarchies of Matter. matter. crystal. atom. atomic nucleus. (macroscopic). 10 -9 m. nucleon. 10 -10 m. quarks. 10 -14 m. nucleon: constituents (quarks) not observed as free particles. • confinement

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Hierarchies of Matter

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  1. general features: constituents observed as free particles Hierarchies of Matter matter crystal atom atomic nucleus (macroscopic) 10-9 m nucleon 10-10 m quarks 10-14 m nucleon: constituents (quarks) notobserved as free particles • confinement • hadron masses 10-15 m < 10-18 m

  2. Hadron Physics • How are hadrons (baryons and mesons) built from • quarks and gluons ? e.g., nucleon mass ? • Can we quantitatively account for the confinement • of quarks and gluons inside hadrons ?

  3. Further possibilities: • Inverted Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering • CP-violation (D/-sector) • fundamental symmetries; p in traps Physics program at the HESR • J/ spectroscopy  confinement • glueballs (ggg) and hybrids (ccg) • hidden and open charm mesons in nuclei • hypernuclei

  4. The GSI p - Facility p production with 29 GeV p-beam p production rate: 107/s p-stored in the HESR: (High Energy Storage Ring) p-momentum: 1.5 - 15 GeV/c Nstored: 5 • 1010 p High luminosity mode L  2 • 1032 cm-2s-1 p/p  10-4 (stochastic cooling) High resolution mode L  1031 cm-2s-1 p/p  10-5 (e–- cooling)

  5. confinement potential Quantumelectrodynamics (QED) Quantumchromodynamics (QCD) Positronium (e+e–) Charmonium ( c c ) Masse / MeV binding energy meV 4100 terra incognita ionisation energy 0 3P2(~3940) 1S0 3900 3P1(~3880) -1000 1D2 3P0(~3800) 3P2 3S1 1P1 3D2 1S0 3P1 3700 3P0 -3000 3500 -5000 3300 3S1 0.1nm 3100 1S0 1fm -7000 Positronium 2900 Charmonium

  6. comparison e+e¯ versus pp e+e- interactions: only 1-- states formed other states populated in secondary decays (moderate mass resolution) production of 1,2 formation of 1,2 pp reactions: all states directly formed (very good mass resolution) Crystall Ball E 760 (Fermilab) sm (beam) = 0.5 MeV

  7. Glueballs characteristic feature of QCD self-interaction among gluons predicted masses: 1.5 - 5.0 GeV/c2 candidate: f0(1500): 0++; =110MeV no flavour blind decay mixing with neighbouring scalar meson states  search for higher lying glueball states mixing with (qq) and (QQ) excluded for exotic states mixing with (QQ) small  width  100 MeV

  8. charmed hybrids (ccg) predicted masses: 3.9 - 4.5 GeV/c2 lowest state: JPC = 1–+ (exotic) width: could be narrow (LGT:  10 MeV) forbidden decays: e.g. O+– DD, D*D*, DSDS (CP-violation) (QQg)  (Qq)L=0 + (Qq)L=0 (dynamic selection rule) below 4.3 GeV/c2 no decay into DD preferred decays: (ccg)  (cc)+ X e.g. 1+– J/ + , , 

  9. in-medium modification of mesons study of chiral symmetry restoration in the charm sector

  10. Open Charm in Nuclei Consequence of dropping D-meson mass in the medium: strong enhancement of D-meson cross section in near/sub-threshold region probing D-meson properties at ground state nuclear matter density and T 0 (complementary to heavy ion collisions)

  11. J/ - nucleon interaction • J/ - suppression regarded as signature for the generation of the quark-gluon plasma in ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions • suppression due to purely hadronic interactions?  measure N-J/ cross section in nuclear matter

  12. Strangesess Neutron Number three-dimensional nuclear chart with strangeness degree of freedom

  13. rates: applying K-trigger: 3 • 105 stopped ¯ / d detected g-transitions:  100 / d keV-resolution !! Double Hypernucleus Spectroscopy double hypernuclens production detector scheme ¯(dss) p(uud)  (uds) (uds)

  14. p-beam p-beam layout of proposed new GSI facility

  15. synergy effect: parallel operation of physics programs

  16. Conclusion • The interaction of cooled antiproton beams with nucleons • and nuclei opens up a broad and challenging research • program ranging from non-perturbative QCD – phenomena • (glueballs, hybrids, confinement, chiral symmetry breaking) • to CP-violation and tests of fundamental symmetries. • High luminosity and monochromaticity at HESR will provide • high precision data and sensitivity to rare processes. • Electron-cooling in the HESR is a technological challenge. • With the realisation of the HESR as integral part of the future • acceleratorfacility, GSI will play a pioneering role in the • experimental exploration of long-distance (non-perturbative) • QCD and the structure of hadronic matter.

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