Spanish Power Grows

1. Spanish Power Grows Omer Sharf

2. Charles V Inherits Two Crowns • Charles V or also known as Charles I became King of Spain. He is the grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella. • Charles V also became heir to the sprawling Hapsburg empire, which included the Holy Roman Empire and the Netherlands.

3. Ruling the Hapsburg Empire • Charles V a devote Catholic fought to suppress Protestantism in German States. After years of war he decided to let the German princes choose their religion. • Charles V fought the Muslims Ottoman empire, based in Turkey. • Ottoman Empire continued into Central Europe where they occupied most of Hungry. • Ottoman Empire continued to challenge Spanish power in the Mediterranean

4. Charles V Abdicates • Charles V gave up the Hapsburg Empire because it was too scattered and hard to handle. • He gave the Hapsburg Empire to his brother Ferdinand who became Holy Roman emperor. • He gave Spain, the Netherlands, and some Italian states, and Spain’s overseas empire to his 29 year-old son Phillip, who became Phillip II.

5. Phillip II Solidifies Power • During Phillip II 42 year reign he expanded Spanish influence, strengthened the Catholic Church, and made his own power absolute. • He also made Spain the foremost power in Europe.

6. Centralizing Power • Phillip II was hard working, devout, and ambitious. • Phillip devoted most of his time to government work. • He seldom hunted, never jousted, and lived as simply as a monk. • His palace reflected his character. • It served as a church, a residence, and a tomb for the royal family. • He made every part of the government responsible to him. • He reigned as an absolute monarch, a ruler with complete authority over the government and the lives of the people.

7. Centralizing Power Contd. • Phillip asserted that he ruled by divine right. • Phillip saw himself as the guardian of the Roman Catholic church. • Phillip enforced religious unity, turning the inquisition against Protestants and other people thought to be heretics.

8. Battles in the Mediterranean • Phillip fought many wars as he attempted to advance Spanish Catholic power. • The Ottoman empire continued to pose a threat to European control of the region. • Ottoman Empire remained a major power in the Mediterranean region for three more centuries.

9. Battles in the Netherlands. • Phillip fought Rebels in the Netherlands. • The Netherlands was the richest part of Phillip’s empire. • In 1560’s riots against the Inquisition sparked a general uprising in the Netherlands. • In 1581, the northern, largely Protestant provinces declared Independence from Spain and became known as Dutch Netherlands.

10. The Armada Sails Against England • Phillip saw Elizabeth I as his chief Protestant enemy because she supported the Dutch against Spain. • She ordered English captains to plunder Spanish treasure ships and loot Spanish cities in the Americas. • To end English attacks, Phillip prepared a huge armada to carry a Spanish invasion force to England. • In 1588 they sailed with more than 130 ships, 20,000 men, and 2,400 pieces of artillery. • Spanish ships met the English ships in the English Channel, the English scattered the Armada.

11. The Empire declines • The defeat of the Armada marked the beginning of the end of Spanish power. • The reason for this was that Phillip II’s successors ruled far less ably than he did. The economic problems were also to blame. • Costly Overseas wars drained wealth out of Spain. • Treasure from the Americas led Spain to neglect farming and commerce. • They taxed the small middle class. • The expulsion of Muslims and Jews from Spain deprived the economy of many skilled artisans and merchant.

12. Spain's Golden Age, • 1550 to 1650 is Spain’s “golden age,” for the brilliance of its arts and literature.