1 / 25

Chapter 13 Notes

Chapter 13 Notes. RNA and Protein Synthesis. 13-1 RNA and Protein Synthesis. RNA, like DNA, consists of long chains of nucleotides. Three differences between DNA and RNA - the sugar is ribose - single stranded - contains uracil (U) instead of thymine . 13-1 RNA and Protein Synthesis.

decker
Download Presentation

Chapter 13 Notes

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Chapter 13 Notes RNA and Protein Synthesis

  2. 13-1 RNA and Protein Synthesis RNA, like DNA, consists of long chains of nucleotides. Three differences between DNA and RNA - the sugar is ribose - single stranded - contains uracil (U) instead of thymine

  3. 13-1 RNA and Protein Synthesis Genes are coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins. - each gene controls the production of a specific protein - DNA (gene)  specific RNA sequence  specific amino acid sequence

  4. 13-1 RNA and Protein Synthesis

  5. 13-1 RNA and Protein Synthesis There are three types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA) mRNA: carries copies of instructions from DNA to the rest of the cell rRNA: along with proteins, makes ribosomes

  6. 13-1 RNA and Protein Synthesis

  7. 13-1 RNA and Protein Synthesis Ribosome Ribosomal RNA

  8. 13-1 RNA and Protein Synthesis Amino acid Transfer RNA

  9. 13-1 RNA and Protein Synthesis tRNA: transfers the message to the amino acid sequence Transcription: the copying of the DNA into a complementary strand of RNA - uses the enzyme RNA polymerase

  10. 13-2 RNA and Protein Synthesis • During transcription, RNA polymerase binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands. • RNA polymerase then uses one strand of DNA as a template from which nucleotides are assembled into a strand of RNA. • The enzyme binds to the region DNA known as the promoter region.

  11. 13-2 RNA and Protein Synthesis Adenine (DNA and RNA) Cystosine (DNA and RNA) Guanine(DNA and RNA) Thymine (DNA only) Uracil (RNA only) RNApolymerase DNA RNA

  12. 13-2 RNA and Protein Synthesis RNA Editing Before it leaves the nucleus, RNA is edited. Splicing occurs by removing introns and fusing exons together.

  13. 13-2 RNA and Protein Synthesis Exon Intron DNA Pre-mRNA mRNA Cap Tail

  14. 13-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis The Genetic Code The genetic code is read in three letter segments called codons. There are 64 different codon possibilities -there are only 20 different amino acids that they code for -AUG is the start codon - there are 3 stop codons

  15. 13-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis

  16. 13-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis

  17. 12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Translation: the decoding of mRNA into an amino acid sequence During translation, the cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins - anticodon: the three letter sequence on tRNA that binds with mRNA Protein synthesis animation

  18. 12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Nucleus mRNA

  19. 13-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Lysine Phenylalanine tRNA Methionine Ribosome mRNA Start codon

  20. 13-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Lysine tRNA Translation direction mRNA Ribosome

  21. 13-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Polypeptide Ribosome tRNA mRNA

  22. Section Quiz The role of a master plan in a building is similar to the role of which molecule? • messenger RNA • DNA • transfer RNA • ribosomal RNA

  23. Section Quiz A base that is present in RNA but NOT in DNA is • thymine. • uracil. • cytosine. • adenine.

  24. Section Quiz The nucleic acid responsible for bringing individual amino acids to the ribosome is • transfer RNA. • DNA. • messenger RNA. • ribosomal RNA.

  25. Section Quiz A region of a DNA molecule that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA is the • intron. • exon. • promoter. • codon.

More Related