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RESEARCH METHODS

RESEARCH METHODS. SCIENTIFIC METHOD-OBJECTIVITY SEVEN-EIGHT BASIC STEPS TWO BASIC TYPES OF RESEARCH: QUANTIATIVE QUALITATIVE. Quantitative Research. PRIMARY USE OF STATISITICAL METHODS TO COLLECT, ANALYZE, AND INTERPRET DATA

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RESEARCH METHODS

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  1. RESEARCH METHODS • SCIENTIFIC METHOD-OBJECTIVITY • SEVEN-EIGHT BASIC STEPS • TWO BASIC TYPES OF RESEARCH: • QUANTIATIVE • QUALITATIVE

  2. Quantitative Research • PRIMARY USE OF STATISITICAL METHODS TO COLLECT, ANALYZE, AND INTERPRET DATA • Basic Types: Experimental, Survey Method,Secondary Analysis/Historical Documents

  3. EXPERIMENTAL GROUP Receives the independent variable Manipulated by the experimenter CONTROL GROUP Does not receive the independent variable May receive some type of placebo Experimental Method

  4. Survey Method • MOST COMMON TYPE • SAMPLE LARGE POPULATIONS • ALLOWS FOR MORE OBJECTIVE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS • LEAST EXPENSIVE • TWO TYPES OF QUESTIONS USED: CLOSED-ENDED OR OPEN-ENDED

  5. EVERYONE HAS EQUAL CHANCE OF BEING SELECTED USED TO SELECT SAMPLE POPULATION Sample must be representative of the larger population Most common form of sampling utilized Random Sampling

  6. SECONDARY ANALYSIS • DATA WHICH HAS ALREADY BEEN COLLECTED AND ANALYZED • PERIODICALS • U.S. CENSUS

  7. HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS • CONTAINS DATA THAT HAS NOT BEEN FORMALLY ANALYZED • RAW DATA • POLICE REPORTS • DIARIES, JOURNALS, LETTERS

  8. USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE MACRO LEVEL OF ANALYSIS USEDWITH THE CONFLICT AND STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALIST PERSPECTIVES THESE TWO PERSPECTIVES ARE USED AS PARADIGMS COMMONLY USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH QUANTITATIVE MODES OF RESEARCH SUMMARY: QUANTATIVE APPROACH

  9. DESCRIPTIVE TYPE OF RESEARCH(THINK OF YOUR TEXTBOOKS) USED AT THE MICRO LEVEL ASSOCIATED WITH INTERACTIONISM SPECIFIC TYPES: OBSERVATIONAL OR FIELD STUDIES: (1)PARTICIPANT (2)NON-PARTICIPANT( AND DETACHED OR UNOBTRUSIVE) (3) CASE STUDY (4) ETHNOGRAPHY QUALITATIVE METHODS

  10. PARTICIPANT • RESEARCHER IS AN ACTIVE PART OF RESEARCH STUDY • ENGAGES IN ONGOING INTERACTIONS WITH GROUP BEING STUDIED • POSITIVE & NEGATIVE ASPECTS

  11. RESEARCHER IS NOT AN ACTIVE PART OF THE RESEARCH LITTLE TO NO CONTACT WITH GROUP BEING STUDIED POSTIVIE/NEGATIVE ASPECTS NO INDEPTH UNDERSTANDING SUBJECTS MAY OR MAY NOT KNOW OF OBSERVATION NON-PARTICIPANT/UNOBTRUSIVE

  12. CASE STUDY • FOCUS ON ONE OR SMALL GROUP OVER A SPECIFIED PERIOD OF TIME. STUDY IS BUILT AROUND THEIR PARTICULAR ISSUES

  13. ETHNOGRAPHY • LIFE HISTORY APPROACH • INTENSIVE ONE-TO-ONE INTERACTION • IMPORTANT TO TRY TO ESTABLISH A RAPPORT

  14. INFORMANT • INDIVIDUAL RESEARCHER DEVELOPS A RAPPORT WITH • THEY ASSIST THE RESEARCER IN DEVELOPING A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE SUBJECTS • ALLOW FURTHER ENTRANCE INTO THE GROUP OR DOMAIN.

  15. SUMMARY • AS WITH THE THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES, THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH METHODS ARE SOMEWHAT INTERDEPENDENT UPON EACH OTHER. THE TYPE OF METHOD USED IS DEPENDENT UPON THE INTERESTS AND PARTICULAR FOCUS OF THE RESEARCHER.

  16. WEBSITES-RESEARCH METHODS AND TERMS • The Internet Glossary of Statistical Terms http://www.animatedsoftware.com/statglos/statglos.htm • Collecting Data through Observation http://trochim.human.cornell.edu/tutorial/brown/LauraTP.htm • Research Methods Tutorial • http://trochim.human.cornell.edu/tutorial/TUTORIAL.HTM

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