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The Earth in Space

The Earth in Space. Chapter 2 Section 1. 2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet. 70% of the earth is Salt Water. The earth is surrounded by a blanket of gases called the atmosphere The atmosphere is made up of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other gases. 2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet.

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The Earth in Space

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  1. The Earth in Space Chapter 2 Section 1

  2. 2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet • 70% of the earth is Salt Water. • The earth is surrounded by a blanket of gases called the atmosphere • The atmosphere is made up of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other gases.

  3. 2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet • The solid outermost zone of the earth is called the crust. • Beneath the oceans, the crust is called oceanic crust. • The part of the crust that makes up the continents is called continental crust.

  4. 2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet • Below the crust is the mantle. • The uppermost part of the mantle is cool and brittle. • This part and the crust make up the lithosphere.

  5. 2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet • The bottom portion of the mantle is called the asthenosphere. • Because of the enormous heat and pressure, the solid rock of the asthenosphere has the ability to flow

  6. 2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet • Below the mantle is the core. • It is mostly made of iron. • Scientists think the outer core is a dense liquid layer. • The inner core is a dense solid layer

  7. 2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet • There are 2 types of seismic waves. • Primary waves or P waves • Secondary waves or S waves • P waves travel through solids, liquids, and gases • S waves only travel through solids

  8. 2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet • P waves travel faster than S waves • Both P and S travel faster when they are going through more rigid material. • S waves cannot travel through the core, only the P waves can.

  9. 2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet • The speed of seismic waves increases abruptly from 32km to 70km beneath the surface. • This is the boundary between the crust and the mantle. • This is called the Moho.

  10. 2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet • The earth’s magnetic field affects an area that extends beyond the atmosphere. • This region is called the magnetosphere.

  11. 2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet • Gravity is the force of attraction that exists between all matter in the universe. • The larger the masses of the 2 objects and the closer together they are, the greater the force of gravity will be between them.

  12. 2.1 Earth: A Unique Planet • Weight is a measure of the strength of the pull of gravity on an object. • Weight and mass are not the same • Mass is the amount of matter in an object. • Weight is the force of gravity on that matter. • You weigh more at the North Pole than at the equator.

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