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CH 25.5 Solar System Formation

CH 25.5 Solar System Formation . Objectives: How did our solar system form? What evidence supports our ideas?. http://atropos.as.arizona.edu/aiz/teaching/nats102/mario/solar_system.html. Nebular Theory. The solar system formed from a cloud of dust and gas (nebula). 4.6 billion years ago

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CH 25.5 Solar System Formation

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  1. CH 25.5 Solar System Formation Objectives: How did our solar system form? What evidence supports our ideas? http://atropos.as.arizona.edu/aiz/teaching/nats102/mario/solar_system.html

  2. Nebular Theory The solar system formed from a cloud of dust and gas (nebula). 4.6 billion years ago Nebula produced by the explosion of a previous star. National Geographic’s: Birth of the Solar System http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B1AXbpYndGc

  3. Protoplanetary Disk Protoplanetary disk forms when gravity pulls particles and gas to the center. Disk begins to spin (possibly because of a shock wave from a “nearby” supernova. Gravity continues to contract the cloud to the center – making it spin faster (angular momentum … think ice skaters spinning) Protosun at center  Sun when temperatures reach millions of degrees and NUCLEAR FUSION BEGINS. Nuclear fusion combines hydrogen atoms together to make helium and releases LOTS of ENERGY! Stars begin to shine! http://atropos.as.arizona.edu/aiz/teaching/nats102/mario/solar_system.html

  4. Planets Grow by Accretion Accretion: Growth by colliding and sticking together • Particles must be liquid or solid to stick together. They must COOL DOWN and CONDENSE from gas  liquid! Planetessimals(asteroid size) Protoplanets(moon size) Planets

  5. Inner vs. Outer Planets Inner Solar System = “Rocky” PlanetsHotter  Metals & Rock condense (gas  solid) @ higher temps. Not made of H or He b/c … • Solar wind blows light gases to outer s.sys. • Smaller planets do not have enough gravity to hold on to H, He atmospheres. Outer Solar System = “Gas” Giants 1. Solar wind blows H/He to outer solar system 2. Outer solar system is COLD ENOUGH for gases like H, He, methane to CONDENSE (gas  liquid). For accretion to occur, materials need to be liquid or solid.

  6. Evidence to Support 1. Sun is 99.9% of mass (b/c gravity pulls nebula to center) 2. Planets all orbit in same plane (b/c started off in spinning disk) 3. Planets orbit in same direction (b/c started off in spinning disk)

  7. 4. We’ve observed protoplanetary disks around other stars.

  8. Evidence that Earth is 4.6 billion yrs. oldMeteorites • All meteorites (asteroids, space rocks, etc.) are the same age when radioactively dated: 4.6 billion yrs. • Meteorites do not change (no volcanism, plate tectonics, weathering). • We assume all objects formed at the same time. • There are metals found in meteorites that can only be made during supernova explosions. • Our solar system formed from a nebula produced by a supernova.

  9. Summary

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