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BEZOAR. (TRICHOBEZOAR). A BEZOAR IS A MASS FOUND TRAPPED IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRAC (MOST COMMONLY STOMACH) THOUGH IT CAN OCCUR IN OTHER PARTS AS WELL. A SEUDOBEZOAR IS AN INDIGESTABLE OBJECT INTRODUCED INTO THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
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BEZOAR (TRICHOBEZOAR)
A BEZOAR IS A MASS FOUND TRAPPED IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRAC (MOST COMMONLY STOMACH) THOUGH IT CAN OCCUR IN OTHER PARTS AS WELL.
A SEUDOBEZOAR IS AN INDIGESTABLE OBJECT INTRODUCED INTO THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. • (THERE R SEVERAL VARIETIES OF BEZOAR SOME OF WHICH HAVE ORGANIC AND OTHER INORGANIC CONSTITUANTS) INTENTIONALLY
HISTORY Bezoars were sought because they were believed to have the power of a universal antidote against any poison. It was believed that a drinking glass which contained a bezoar would neutralize any poison poured into it. The word "bezoar" comes from the Persianpâdzahr (پادزهر), which literally means "protection from poison
TYPES • Types by content • Food boli:(singular, bolus) imitate true bezoars and are composed of loose aggregates of food items such as seeds, fruit pith, or pits as well as other types of items such as shellac, bubble gum, soil, and concretions of some medications. • Pharmacobezoars: (or medication bezoars) are mostly tablets or semi-liquid masses of drugs. Normally found following overdose of sustained release medications.[8] • Phytobezoars: are composed of nondigestible plant material (e.g., cellulose) and are frequently reported in patients with impaired digestion and decreased gastric motility.
Types conti-- • Diospyrobezoar is a bezoar formed from unripe persimmons.[9]Coca-Cola has been used in the treatment.[10][11] • Trichobezoaris a bezoar formed from hair[12] - an extreme form of hairball. Humans who frequently consume hair sometimes require these to be removed. The Rapunzel syndrome, a very rare and extreme case, may require surgery.
TYPES BY LOCATION A bezoar in the esophagus is common in young children and in horses. In horses, it is known as choke. A bezoar in the large intestine is known as a fecalith. A bezoar in the trachea is called a tracheobezoar
MISCELLANEOUS There have been reports of esophageal bezoars in the nasogastrically fed patients on mechanical ventilation and sedation. These are implicated due to precipitation of certain feed types rich in casein which get precipitated with gastric acid reflux and form esophageal bezoars. Other types of bezoars are formed from items such as stone or sand, usually in young children
Causes, incidence, and risk factors • Chewing on or eating hair or fuzzy materials (or indigestible materials such as plastic bags) can lead to the formation of a bezoar. The rate is very low and the risk is greater among mentally retarded or emotionally disturbed children. Generally bezoars are mostly seen in females aged 10 to 19
Symptoms • Indigestion • Stomach upset or distress • Nausea • Vomiting • Diarrhea • Pain • Gastric ulcers
Signs and tests • The child may have a lump in the abdomen that can be felt by the health care provider. A barium swallow x-ray will show the mass in the stomach, sometimes a scope is used (endoscopy) to directly view the bezoar.
Treatment • The bezoar may need to be surgically removed (especially trichobezoars which tend to be large). Sometimes small bezoars can be removed through a scope placed through the mouth and into the stomach (similar to an EGD procedure). Then, follow the prevention measures described.
Expectations (prognosis • Full recovery is expected
Complications • Persistent vomiting can lead to dehydration
Prevention • If your child has had a hair bezoar in the past, trim the child's hair short so he or she cannot put the ends in the mouth. Keep indigestible materials away from a child that has a tendency to put items in the mouth. • Be sure to remove the child's access to fuzzy or fiber-filled materials
