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早期和延迟冠状动脉介入治疗 对非 ST 段抬高型 ACS 的随访研究

早期和延迟冠状动脉介入治疗 对非 ST 段抬高型 ACS 的随访研究. 沈阳军区总医院心血管内科 赵昕 韩雅玲 荆全民. 定 义. 急性冠脉综合征 : 在血管内膜损伤和痉挛等因素作用下冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定,甚至破裂引起冠脉内血栓形成为主要病理基础病理,以急性心肌缺血为共同特征的一组综合征。 ACS 通常是不稳定的冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块侵蚀、破裂及伴随的血小板聚集、血栓形成,从而导致急性、亚急性心肌缺血、坏死的一组严重进展性疾病谱,包括: UAP/UNSTEMI 和 STEMI. NSTE-ACS 的 趋势 及预后.

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早期和延迟冠状动脉介入治疗 对非 ST 段抬高型 ACS 的随访研究

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  1. 早期和延迟冠状动脉介入治疗对非ST段抬高型ACS的随访研究早期和延迟冠状动脉介入治疗对非ST段抬高型ACS的随访研究 沈阳军区总医院心血管内科 赵昕 韩雅玲 荆全民

  2. 定 义 • 急性冠脉综合征: 在血管内膜损伤和痉挛等因素作用下冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定,甚至破裂引起冠脉内血栓形成为主要病理基础病理,以急性心肌缺血为共同特征的一组综合征。 ACS通常是不稳定的冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块侵蚀、破裂及伴随的血小板聚集、血栓形成,从而导致急性、亚急性心肌缺血、坏死的一组严重进展性疾病谱,包括:UAP/UNSTEMI 和STEMI

  3. NSTE-ACS的趋势及预后 ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI )vs. 非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI ) —— 1年累计死亡率 NSTEMI STEMI vs. STEMI后生存率 STEMI 3 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 急性STEMI /NSTEMI后月数

  4. NSTE-ACS与STEMI预后 • NSTE-ACS发病率高于STEMI • STEMI患者通常在症状出现前或稍后发生心脏事件,而NSTE-ACS患者的心脏事件一般持续数天至数周,在住院病死率和远期预后方面两者差异并无显著性,表明对NSTE-ACS 患者的干预策略要强调急性期和长期随访治疗。 • 多支血管病变和OMI发生率比ST段抬高者多见 • 病史方面两者比较,高龄、糖尿病、高血压、心力衰竭、肾功能衰竭和外周血管疾病在NSTE-ACS患者中更常见 • 存在持续触发因素,如炎症因子

  5. 拟解决的关键问题 • NSTE-ACS在抗血小板治疗及标准药物治疗后 • 何时、何种情况下应行PCI? • 即刻?一周?择期(12天以后)?

  6. 背景 • 早期PCI -尽早造影,明确病变,对后续治疗策略有指导意义 -减少等待期间不良事件的发生 -缩短住院时间 • 延迟PCI -在积极抗血小板,抗凝,稳定斑块等治疗基础上,介入治疗并发症少,安全系数更高 -等待期间可能发生不良事件乃至死亡 -延长住院时间\增加费用

  7. 目前指南I类推荐指证 • UA/NSTEMI 患者,若有下列情况应早期介入 • 具有任何高危因素早期PCI • 病变适合PCI • 无影响PCI的严重合并症

  8. 问题与焦点 • 介入治疗的最佳时间尚不确定 -早期PCI -延迟:多长? -哪些患者需要尽早治疗?要多早? • 研究结果不一致。

  9. CONCLUSION • 与延迟干预相比,早期干预对于NSTE-ACS患者6个月不良事件发生率没有显著差异 • NSTE-ACS患者接受早期干预安全性良好 • 高危患者(GRACE评分>140)可从早期干预策略获益 • 早期干预可显著减少NSTE-ACS患者再发心绞痛的发生率,且不增加出血的风险

  10. 结论 • 对于NSTE-ACS患者,即刻(1小时)与延迟(次工作日)介入治疗策略比较 • 不能减少肌钙蛋白定义的MI • 不能减少1个月时的死亡.MI,紧急血运重建或复发心肌缺血

  11. 结论 • 对于不稳定ACS患者,早期介入治疗+强化抗血小板比较 • 延迟PCI治疗+延长抗栓治疗并不能改善临床结局(死亡.MI) • 相反地,后者在等期增加了约50%的事件.

  12. 结论 • 对于NSTE-ACS患者 • 尽早介入治疗(<24h)+强化的抗栓治疗 • 对于非顽固NSTE-ACS患者,介入治疗至少应延迟至入院后24h进行 Montalescot G,et al. JAMA 2009,302:947-954

  13. THE Answers • 多早? • 哪些患者早做? • 在有效抗栓基础上 • 入院后24h是早期PCI的最佳窗口 • 高危者(包括血流动力学不稳定/恶性心率失常) • 无禁忌者

  14. 沈阳军区总医院临床资料回顾 • To summarize the clinical effects and follow-up results of early percutaneous coronary intervention PCI (E-PCI,PCI within 24h) group or delayed percutaneous coronary intervention PCI group (D-PCI,PCI after 36h) in Non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome(NSTE-ACS) in order to evaluate the effects on left ventricular diastolic function, ventricular remolding, mortality and myocardial reinfarction.

  15. 入选标准 • During Feb 2002 to Dec 2008, five thousand five hundred and two NSTE-ACS patients were admitted, whose age ranged from 21 to 92 years. 367 patients selected CABG, 3136 patients received E-PCI because of onset-to-PCI time was within 12 hours or 24hours.2366 patients received D-PCI. Before and after about 6 month of the operation, all the patients were checked with index of cardiovascular events by echocardiography.

  16. 实验结果 • Clinical baseline characteristics were not significantly different in the two groups except for age of E-PCI group younger than D-PCI group • A successful E-PCI procedure was achieved in 97.7%(5375/5502) • No death occurred during operation and 145 patients failed because of coronary guide wire out of carotid athermanous plaque diseases

  17. 实验结果 The cumulative death rates P>0.05

  18. 实验结果 In-hospitial major adverse cardiac events(MACE,death, AMI,malignant arrhythmia, et al) P<0.001

  19. 实验结果 In 6 mouths after PCI, major adverse cardiac events(MACE, death, AMI, malignant arrhythmia, et al) P<0.001

  20. 实验结果 • In 6 months after PCI, end-systolic volume index(ESVI)、end-diastolic volume index(EDVI)and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)were not significantly different in the two groups, except of infarct region ventricular wall motion index(RWMI)(p﹤0.001)

  21. 结 论 • P-PCI and D-PCI can reduce MACE rate in NSTE-ACS patients. P-PCI was more safe and effective than D-PCI.

  22. 路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索 谢谢

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