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AHMET YÜCEL ODABAŞI. INTRODUCTION TO NAVAL ARCHITECTURE MARINE ENGINEERING Mustafa İnsel Şebnem Helvacıoğlu 2011-2012 Autumn. MISSION DEFFINITION AND MISSION ANALYSIS FOR SHIP DESIGN. WHICH SUBJECT WILL YOU STUDY DURING 4 YEARS?. I. TERM : Introduction to naval architecture
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INTRODUCTION TO NAVAL ARCHITECTUREMARINE ENGINEERINGMustafa İnselŞebnem Helvacıoğlu2011-2012 Autumn
WHICH SUBJECT WILL YOU STUDY DURING 4 YEARS? I. TERM : Introduction to naval architecture II. TERM : Technical drawing, Statics III. TERM : Dynamics, Ship geometry, Material science, Strength of materials I IV. TERM : Fluid mechanics, Strength of materials II, Manufacturing Methods, Ship construction, V. TERM : Marine engines I, Ship theory, Shipping economics, Ship hydrodynamics, VI. TERM : Strength of ships, Marine auxilary machinery, Ship Design, Electrical systems in ships , Methods of ship production,/Elements of machinery VII. TERM : Project I, Ship motions and maneuvering, Yacht & Leisure design/Advanced propulsion systems/Ventilation & Air Condition systems for ships Structural design of ships/computer aided ship design & construction/Marine engines II/Automatic control of ships Mechanics of marine structures/Engine room design principles/Marine piping systems/Marine powerplant operation VIII. TERM : Project II, Shipyard Organization , Corrosion & Fouling in marine environement/Reliability of ship structures/Refrigeration systems for ships, Warship design/Hydrodynamic design of ships/Int Maritime Rel. & Safety at sea/Stability theory of ships/Marine power plants Op II
Naval Architecture Naval architecture is an engineering discipline dealing with the design, construction, maintenance and operation of marine vessels and structures. Naval architecture involves basic and applied research, design, development, design evaluation and calculations during all stages of the life of a marine vehicle. Preliminary design of the vessel, its detailed design, construction, trials, operation and maintenance, launching and dry-docking are the main activities involved. Ship design calculations are also required for ships being modified (by means of conversion, rebuilding, modernization, or repair). Naval architecture also involves formulation of safety regulations and damage control rules and the approval and certification of ship designs to meet statutoryand non-statutory requirements Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_architecture)
NAVAL ARCHITECTURE • Naval architecture is a facinating and demanding discipline. • It is fascinating because of the variety of floating structures and the manycompromises necessary to achieve the most effective product. • It isdemanding because a ship is a very large capital investment and • because of the need to protect the people on board and the marine environment.-
SHIP TYPES DUE TO FUNCTION • There are variety of forms. This variation is due to different demands and the conditions under which they operate. • Fishing boats raging from the small local boats operating by day, to theocean going ships with facilities to deep freeze their catches. • There arevessels to harvest the other riches of the deep - for exploitation ofenergy sources, gas and oil, and extraction of minerals. • There are oiltankers, ranging from small coastal vessels to giant supertankers.
SHIP TYPES DUE TO FUNCTION • Otherhuge ships carry bulk cargoes such as grain, coal or ore. • There areferries for carrying passengers between ports which may be only a fewkilometres or a hundred apart. • There are the tugs for shepherdingships in port or for trans-ocean towing. • Then there are the dredgers,lighters and pilot boats without which the port could not function. • Ina naval port, there will be warships from huge aircraft carriers throughcruisers and destroyers to frigates, patrol boats, mine countermeasure vessels and submarines.
SHIP TYPES DUE TO HULL FORMS • The majority of ships are single hull and rely upon their displacement tosupport their weight. • In some applications multiple hulls are preferredbecause they provide large deck areas without excessive length. • Inother cases higher speeds may be achieved by using dynamic forces tosupport part of the weight when under way. Planing craft, surface effectships and hydrofoil craft are examples.
SHIP TYPES DUE TO HULL FORMS • Air cushion craft enable shallowwater to be negotiated and provide an amphibious capability. • Somecraft will be combinations of these specialist forms. • The variety is not limited to appearance and function
MATERIALS • The variety is not limited to appearance and function. Different materials are used – • steel, • wood, • aluminium • Composites ofvarious types (GRP, FRP etc).
PROPULSION SYSTEM • The propulsion system used to drive the craft through thewater may be • the wind, • but for most large craft is some form ofmechanical propulsion.
POWER GENERATION • The driving power may be generated by • diesels, • steam turbine, • gas turbine, • some form of fuel cell or • acombination of these.
POWER TRANSMITION TYPE • The power will be transmitted to the propulsion • device through • mechanical or hydraulic gearing or • by using electricgenerators and motors as intermediaries.
PROPULSOR TYPE • The propulsor itself willusually be some form of • propeller, • perhaps ducted, • but may be water or • air jet.
SYSTEMS • There will be many other systems on board - means of • manoeuvring the ship, • electric power generation, • hydraulic power forwinches and other cargo handling systems.
FACILITIES IN A PASSENGER SHIP • A ship can be a passenger ship whit several thousand people on board and remaining at sea for several weeks. It needs • electrics, • air conditioning, • sewage treatment plant, • galleys, bakeries, • shops, • restaurants, • cinemas, • dance halls, • concert halls and • Swimmingpools.
SHIP TYPES DUE TO HULL FORMS All these, and the general layout must be Arranged so that theship can carry out its intended tasks efficiently and economically.
NAVAL ARCHITECTURE • Thenaval architect has not only the problems of • the building and towndesigner but a ship must • float, • move, • be capable of surviving in a veryrough environment and • withstand a reasonable level of accident.
NAVAL ARCHITECTURE It isthe naval architect who 'orchestrates' the design, calling upon theexpertise of many other professions in achieving the best compromise between many, often conflicting, requirements.
NAVAL ARCHITECTURE • The profesion of a naval architecture is a blend of science and art : • Science is called upon to make surethe ship goes at the • intended speed • stable, • Strong enough to withstand the harsh environment
NAVAL ARCHITECTURE The art is in getting a judicious blend of themany factors involved so as to produce a product that is not onlyaesthetically pleasing but is able to carry out its function with maximum effectiveness, efficiency and economy. Naval architecture is a demanding profession
WHY DO WE NEED TO DESIGN AND PRODUCE NEW SHIPS? • Ships are industrial structures. They are designed and produced to fullfill some duties • Why is it needed to design and produce new ships? • To renew the old ships or the ships that complited economical life with produced with old tecnologies, • To make the fleet bigger or capital more with renewign ships, • To have bigger market share by having new trading lines and any other cargo type, • To open new markets according to new economical conditions, • To use sources at open seas and make industrial activities, • To support commercial and industrial ships, • To fullfill defence demand of the country.
MISSION DEFFINITION AND MISSION ANALYSIS FOR SHIP DESIGN Ships can be divided to 4 categories according their duties: • Conventional ships: Mainly carries cargo and passengers. • Industrial ships: Usually aims to examines and make use of sources in sea. • Service ships: Supports conventional and industrial ships as well as to make safety of life and goods at. • Navy ships: They are armed ships and used to keep piece of the nation.
Ticaret Gemileri Endüstriyel Gemiler Servis Gemileri Savaş Gemileri • Genel yük gemileri (General cargo ship) • Konteyner gemileri (Container ship) • Ham petrol tankerleri(Crude oil carrier) • OBOtaşıyıcı gemiler(Cevher/Dökme/Petrol) (Oil/Bulk/Oil) • Feriler (Ferry) • Roll-on Roll-off gemiler (Ro-Ro) • Yolcu gemileri (Passenger ship) • LNG/LPG tankerleri (LPG/LNG tanker) • Yük şatları (barge) ve entegre şat-itici sistemler (Integrated tug-barge system) • Kimyasal tankerler (Chemical tankers) ·Avcı botları (Patrol boat) · Hücüm botları (Fast attack boat) · Firkateynler (Frigate) · Destroyerler (Destroyer) · Denizaltılar (Submarine) · Mayın gemileri (Mine counter measures or mine hunter) · Çıkarma gemileri (Landing craft) · Çıkarma destek gemileri (Landing support ships) ·Akaryakıtdestek gemileri (Naval oiler ship) ·Cephane destek gemileri (Naval Supply ships) · Özel harekat botları (Special operation boats) • Tarak gemileri (Dredger) • Sondaj gemileri (Drill ship) • Incinirator gemileri (Incinerator ship) • Balıkçı fabrika gemileri (Fish factory trawler) • Araştırma gemileri (Research vessel) • Balıkçılık (Fishing) • Oseonografik (Oceanograpic) • Hidrografik (Hydrographic) • Sismik (Sysmic) · Romorkörler (Tugs) · Dalış destek gemileri (Diving suppont ships) · Yangın gemileri (Fire – fighters) · Pilot botları (Pilot boats) · Mürettebat taşıma gemileri (Crew Tenders) ·Temin edici gemiler (Supply boats) ·Deniz ambulansları (Sea ambulance) ·Kaçakçı takip botları (Drug interdiction patrol boats) ·Denizde yağ toplama gemileri (Oil skimmer)
MISSION ANALYSIS • BASE OF DUTY ANALYSIS: • Requirements of customer/ship owner • Restrictions. These two are analysed according to technical and economical factors. • There are two main group of factors to design a conventional ship: • A- Economical facts: • Structure of the fleetand number of ships that are planned to design, • Aimed route and tonnage, • Aimed speed, • Characteristics of cargo and capacity definitions, • Alternatives for cargo handling, looading and unloading • Examining and choosign propulsion systems, • Decide the automation level of engine room, • Use of the ship with other aimes and type of cargo, • Investment and capital cost amount, • Forecasting of freight and changes of it, • Finance agreement conditions.
MISSION ANALYSIS B - Constraints:> Phisical conditions of ports and canals> Loading and unloading systems and their capasities, speed and heights, > Dock dimensions, > Tide conditions of ports, > Seakeeping conditions and sea conditions.> Loyds rules to be applied, > Porth autority rules, Inrenational rules and conditions: - Tonnage and freeboard, - Stability standards, - Requirements for damage stability and floaded length, - Noise and vibration requirements,- Preventing sea polutions,- Regulations of dangerous goods, - Communication at sea, - Rules of crew and passenger living areas.
