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Sentence Processing II

Sentence Processing II. Language Use and Understanding Class 11. Announcements. On-line readings - those that are missing are generally available electronically from journal websites; library list will hopefully soon be up-to-date Copy room papers will also be updated soon

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Sentence Processing II

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  1. Sentence Processing II Language Use and Understanding Class 11

  2. Announcements • On-line readings - those that are missing are generally available electronically from journal websites; library list will hopefully soon be up-to-date • Copy room papers will also be updated soon • In case the paper is unavailable or disappears - YOU are responsible for getting it, by contacting me or going to the original journal if necessary.

  3. Altmann et al., 1992 • Relative/Complement ambiguity • The fireman told the woman that he had risked his life for… • … many people in similar fires • …to install a smoke detector. • Referential Hypothesis • Choose syntax that allows a unique referent to be found in context • If you can’t, interpret subsequent material as a modifier • If you can, to be parsimonious then pick the simple NP interpretation

  4. Tanenhaus et al. 1995 • Referential Context • Put the apple on the towel in the box. Put the apple on the towel in the box referent goal garden-path goal

  5. Sensitivity and time course in sentence processing: Put the apple on the towel in the box.

  6. Multiple referents eliminate the goal garden-path Put the apple (that’s) on the towel in the box.

  7. 1.0 Instruction Ambiguous 0.8 Unambiguous 0.6 Eye Movements to Incorrect Goal Proportion of Trials with 0.4 0.2 0.0 One-Referent Context Multiple referents eliminate the goal garden-path Put the apple (that’s) on the towel in the box.

  8. 1.0 Instruction Ambiguous 0.8 Unambiguous 0.6 Eye Movements to Incorrect Goal Proportion of Trials with 0.4 0.2 0.0 One-Referent Context Two-Referent Context No garden-path with two potential referents Put the apple (that’s) on the towel in the box.

  9. Sent. Proc. III: Constraint-based models • A history of syntactic ambiguity resolution • 2-stage models, e.g. The Garden-Path Theory (Lyn Frazier, Janet Fodor, etc.) • The Referential Hypothesis (Altmann, Crain, Steedman) • Constraint-based theories (Tanenhaus and colleagues, MacDonald and colleagues)

  10. The influence of non-syntactic information • Plausibility • The historian read the manuscript • …during the trip. • …had been destroyed in the fire. • How likely is it for a manuscript to be the object of read? • How likely is it for a manuscript to be the subject of another clause?

  11. The influence of non-syntactic information • Verb subcategorization • Read: <Agent, theme> He read the book. <Agent> He read • Which is more frequent?

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