Malpractice

1. Malpractice • Collusion • Plagiarism • both result in no grade for the subject concerned and hence no Diploma for that session

2.  Both Guilty Collusion • Work from two students is very similar. • Typical case is that one strong, reliable student met deadline but let a weaker, less reliable student borrow his/her work just before the deadline.

3. Collusion; how to avoid it • Discuss your work with others, but don’t give anyone a hard copy, and under no circumstances whatsoever give anyone an electronic copy.

4. Plagiarism

5. From a TOK Essay: … our past experiences can often condition you to expect things, and we often see or hear what we expect rather than what really happens. Our prejudices and assumptions often lead us to false conclusions. Humans only perceive what their senses and nervous systems allow them to. Take the example of the mirage of an oasis in the desert. Suppose that we have two individuals observing it, one who is aware of the existence of mirages and one who is not. It seems clear that the two people will experience the mirage very differently. So if your past experiences are such that you know about the physics of mirages, you are less likely to make an error, and so we can see…..

6. Take the example of the mirage of an oasis in the desert. Suppose that we have two individuals observing it, one who is aware of the existence of mirages and one who is not.

7. … our past experiences can often condition you to expect things, and we often see or hear what we expect rather than what really happens. Our prejudices and assumptions often lead us to false conclusions. Humans an only perceive what their senses and nervous systems allow them to. Take the example of the mirage of an oasis in the desert. Suppose that we have two individuals observing it, one who is aware of the existence of mirages and one who is not. It seems clear that the two people will experience the mirage very differently. If your past experiences are such that you know about the physics of mirages, you are less likely to make an error, and so we can see…..

8.  Bibliography Hospers, J. (1953) Introduction to Philosophical Analysis; Prentice Hall Nagel, T. (1987) What does it all Mean?; Oxford University Press Tomkinson, J.L. (1999) Enterprise of Knowledge; Leader Books SA

9. Plagiarism; how to avoid it • You must reference your sources

10. Bibliography Hosper J (1953) Introduction to Philosophical Analysis; Prentice Hall Nagel, T (1987) What does it all Mean?; Oxford University Press Tomkinson, J.L. (1999) Enterprise of Knowledge; Leader Books SA Tremblay, F (2005) The Infallibility of Sense Perception (http://www.strongatheism.net/library/against/infallibility_of_sense_perception/ accessed 1/1/07)

11.  … our past experiences can often condition you to expect things, and we often see or hear what we expect rather than what really happens. Our prejudices and assumptions often lead us to false conclusions. Humans an only perceive what their senses and nervous systems allow them to. Take the example of the mirage of an oasis in the desert. Suppose that we have two individuals observing it, one who is aware of the existence of mirages and one who is not. It seems clear that the two people will experience the mirage very differently. So if your past experiences are such that you know about the physics of mirages, you are less likely to make an error, and so we can see…..

12. Plagiarism; how to avoid it • You must reference your sources • AND • You must make it clear which words are not your own

13.  … our past experiences can often condition you to expect things, and we often see or hear what we expect rather than what really happens. Our prejudices and assumptions often lead us to false conclusions. Humans an only perceive what their senses and nervous systems allow them to. Tremblay (2005, p5) suggests that we take “the example of the mirage of an oasis in the desert. Suppose that we have two individuals observing it, one who is aware of the existence of mirages and one who is not”. It seems clear that the two people will experience the mirage very differently. So if your past experiences are such that you know about the physics of mirages, you are less likely to make an error, and so we can see…..

14. So can we just take big quotes and properly reference them? • Can we just paraphrase books/websites?

15.  “Two keys to their technique are the notion of theatricalism and the concept of the distancing or alienation effect. The first, theatricalism, simply means the audience aware that they are in a theatre watching a play. Brecht believed that persuading the audience they were watching real life led to an uncritical acceptance of society's values. He thought that by keeping stage sets simple, showing exposed lighting instruments, breaking the action into open-ended episodes, projecting labels or photographs during scenes, or using a narrator or actors to directly address the audience, a production would allow an audience to maintain the emotional objectivity necessary to learn the truth about their society. The second key to epic theatre, the distancing or alienation effect in acting style, has these same goals. Brecht wanted actors to strike a balance between being their character onstage and showing the audience that the character is being performed. The use of the employment of a stance, mannerism, or repeated action to sum up a character, the sudden shift from one behavior to another to put the audience off-balance, and the suggestion of the ‘roads not taken’ in each moment of a character's decision-making are all the means to the didactic end of teaching us to criticize the society we see onstage in Epic Theatre.” (Peters. 2004, p3)

16.  Student work: …the narrator’s unsuccessful effort to find agreement from the diverse recollections of the past reveals both the basis of the people’s memory and the natural imperfections of a journalistic report or written history. Basically it demonstrates the absence of words to depict or reflect human events. Website: … the narrator’s failed attempt to find consensus among the varied accounts of the past shows the subjectivity of memory and the inherent fallibility of narrative. In short, it shows the insufficiency of words to capture human experience.

17. Plagiarism; how to avoid it • You must reference your sources • AND • You must make it clear which words are not your own • AND • No extensive quotes; no very close paraphrasing

18. A good use of other people’s ideas… … and the book has been described as a ‘powerful argument against racism in Western Society’ (Evans, 2005, p55). Others, however, have seen it as ‘an exploration of gender and power’ (French, 2003, p553) or even as lacking any moral overtones at all - a sort of ‘playful, ethically neutral description of possibility’ (Green, 2004, p4). I would argue, however, that all these accounts fail to…..