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Boundless Lecture Slides

Boundless Lecture Slides. Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com. Using Boundless Presentations. Boundless Teaching Platform

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Boundless Lecture Slides

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  1. Boundless Lecture Slides Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  2. Using Boundless Presentations Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. Get started now at: • The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. http://boundless.com/teaching-platform • Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. If you have any questions or problems please email: educators@boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  3. About Boundless • Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its website, iOS apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with Boundless, visit boundless.com. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  4. The Heart Cardiovascular System: The Heart Circulation and Heart Valves Cardiac Muscle Tissue Physiology of the Heart ] Exercise and the Heart Cardiovascular System: The Heart Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  5. Cardiovascular System: The Heart > The Heart The Heart • Anatomy of the Heart • Pericardium • Layers of the Heart Walls • Chambers of the Heart • Great Vessels of the Heart • Myocardial Thickness and Function • Fibrous Skeleton of the Heart Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/cardiovascular-system-the-heart-18/the-heart-172/

  6. Cardiovascular System: The Heart > Circulation and Heart Valves Circulation and Heart Valves • Heart Circulation • Operation of Atrioventricular Valves • Operation of Semilunar Valves • Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/cardiovascular-system-the-heart-18/circulation-and-heart-valves-173/

  7. Cardiovascular System: The Heart > Cardiac Muscle Tissue Cardiac Muscle Tissue • Microscopic Anatomy • Mechanism and Contraction Events of Cardiac Muscle Fibers • Energy Requirements Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/cardiovascular-system-the-heart-18/cardiac-muscle-tissue-174/

  8. Cardiovascular System: The Heart > Physiology of the Heart Physiology of the Heart • Electrical Events • Electrocardiogram and Correlation of ECG Waves with Systole • Heart Sounds • Cardiac Cycle • Cardiac Output Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/cardiovascular-system-the-heart-18/physiology-of-the-heart-175/

  9. Cardiovascular System: The Heart > Exercise and the Heart Exercise and the Heart • Effects of Exercise on the Heart Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/cardiovascular-system-the-heart-18/exercise-and-the-heart-176/

  10. Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  11. Cardiovascular System: The Heart Key terms • aerobic exerciseA process whereby one trains the heart and lungs to pump blood more efficiently, increasing delivery of oxygen to muscles and organs. • alveoliAir sacs in the lungs that provide the surface for gas exchange between the air and capillaries. • anginaChest pain that indicates ischemia in the heart. It may be either transient (unstable) or stable, and stable anginas typically lead to infarction. • aortaThe great artery which carries the blood from the heart into systemic circulation. • atrioventricular (AV) nodeThe bundle of conducting tissue that receives impulses from the SA node and delays them before stimulating depolarization in the muscles of the ventricles. • Atrioventricular valvesThese valves separate the atria from the ventricles on each side of the heart and prevent backflow from the ventricles into the atria during systole. They include the mitral and tricuspid valves. • calcium-induced calcium release (CICR)A process whereby calcium can trigger release of further calcium from the muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. • cardiac cycleThe term used to describe the relaxation and contraction that occur as a heart works to pump blood through the body. • Cardiac hypertrophyAn adaptive disease in which the walls of the heart become too thick to pump blood effectively. It is generally a complication of hypertension. • cardiac outputThe volume of blood pumped by the heart, in particular by the left or right ventricle, in the time interval of one minute. • cardiac outputThe volume of blood pumped by the heart each minute, calculated as heart rate (HR) X (times) stroke volume (SV). • cardiomyocyteA cardiac muscle cell (or myocyte) in the heart, which makes up the cardiac muscle tissue. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  12. Cardiovascular System: The Heart • cardiomyocyteA cardiac muscle cell (myocyte) in the heart. • collagenA glycoprotein that forms elongated fibers, usually found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue. • diastoleThe relaxation and dilation of the heart chambers between contractions, during which they fill with blood. • dubThe second heart tone, or S2 (A2 and P2), caused by the closure of the aortic valve and pulmonary valve at the end of ventricular systole. • endocardiumA thin serous membrane that lines the interior of the heart and valves. • excitation contraction coupling (ECC)The physiological process of converting an electrical stimulus to a mechanical response. • fibrillationA condition in which parts of the ECG do not appear normally, representing irregular, rapid, disorganized, and inefficient contractions of the atria or ventricles. • fibrous pericardiumComposed of dense connective tissue which protects the heart, anchors it to the surrounding walls, and prevents the heart from overfilling with blood. • fibrous ringsFour dense bands of tough elastic tissue that encircle the bases of the valves of the heart. • heartA fist-sized muscular organ in the chest that pumps blood through the body using involuntary contractions of cardiac muscle. • Heart murmursA sound made by backflow of blood through either set of valve that cannot close or open properly. • intercalated discsJunctions that connect cardiomyocytes together, some of which transmit electrical impulses between cells. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  13. Cardiovascular System: The Heart • ischemiaOxygen deprivation in tissues due to mechanical obstruction of the blood supply, such as by a narrowed or blocked artery or clot. • lactateA molecule produced by anaerobic respiration that can be used to produce ATP without oxygen, albeit at lower levels. • lubThe first heart tone, or S1,  caused by the closure of the atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid) at the beginning of ventricular contraction or systole. • mean arterial blood pressureA measure of blood pressure based on cardiac output and vascular resistance. • metabolic syndrome,A complex disease, characterized by lack of exercise and high levels of adipose tissue, that turn causes many other cardiovascular and endocrine diseases. • mitral valveThe bicuspid valve that divides the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart • myocardial infarctionNecrosis of heart muscle caused by an interruption to the supply of blood to the heart, often as a result of prolonged ischemia. • myocardiumThe middle of the three layers forming the wall of the heart, containing cardiac muscle tissue. Innervated by the Purkinje fibers. • myoglobinA small globular protein containing a heme group that carries oxygen to muscles from the blood and stores reserve oxygen. • pacemakerA structure that sets the rate at which the heart beats. Under normal conditions, the SA node serves this function for the heart. • pericardiumA serous membrane that surrounds and protects the heart. • pulmonary arteriesThe arteries that take deoxygenated blood away from the right side of the heart and into the capillaries of the lungs for the purpose of gas exchange. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  14. Cardiovascular System: The Heart • pulmonary circulationThe part of blood circulation which carries oxygen-depleted blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart. • pulsePressure waves generated by the heart in systole move the arterial walls, creating a palpable pressure wave felt by touch. • Purkinje fibersA bundle of nerve fibers located under the endocardium, which supply nervous impulses to the mycardium's cardiac muscle tissues. • sarcomereThe basic contractile unit of contractile muscle, which contains myofibril filaments made out of myosin and actin, the two proteins that slide past one another to cause a muscle contraction. • sarcomereThe basic unit of contractile muscle which contains myosin and actin, the two proteins that slide past one another to cause a muscle contraction. • semilunar valvesLocated at the base of both the trunk of the pulmonary artery and the aorta, and prevent backflow of blood from the arteries into the ventricles. • serous pericardiumLocated deeper than the fibrous pericardium, this structure contains two layers that lubricate the heart to prevent friction from occurring during heart activity. • ST segmentThe line between the QRS complex and the T wave, representing the time when the ventricles are depolarized before repolarization begins. • stenosisThe narrowing of valves, which prevents them from opening completely. • Subvalvular apparatusThe papillary muscles and the chordae tendineae, known as the subvalvular apparatus, hold the valves closed so that they do not prolapse. • systemic circulationThe part of blood circulation that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. • systoleThe rhythmic contraction of the heart by which blood is ejected from one chamber to the next, or out of the heart and into the arteries. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  15. Cardiovascular System: The Heart • venae cavaeThe two large vessels, the superior and inferior vena cava, that bring deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation to the heart. • ventricleOne of two lower chambers of the heart that receives blood from the atria and pumps it out into pulmonary or systemic circulation, depending on side. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  16. Cardiovascular System: The Heart Muscle Contraction and Actin-Myosin Interactions Skeletal muscle contracts following activation by an action potential. Binding of Acetylcholine at the motor end plate leads to intracellular calcium release and interactions between myofibrils, eliciting contraction. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Muskel-molekulartranslation."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Muskel-molekulartranslation.pngView on Boundless.com

  17. Cardiovascular System: The Heart Heart viewed from above This anterior view of the heart indicates the semilunar valves, and the aortic and pulmonary valves. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Gray494."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray494.pngView on Boundless.com

  18. Cardiovascular System: The Heart Pulmonary circuit Diagram of pulmonary circulation. Oxygen-rich blood is shown in red; oxygen-depleted blood in blue. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Illu pulmonary circuit."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Illu_pulmonary_circuit.jpgView on Boundless.com

  19. Cardiovascular System: The Heart Alveoli A diagram of the alveoli, showing the capillary beds where gas exchange with the blood occurs. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Alveolus diagram."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alveolus_diagram.svgView on Boundless.com

  20. Cardiovascular System: The Heart Pulmonary circuit Diagram of pulmonary circulation. Oxygen-rich blood is shown in red; oxygen-depleted blood in blue. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Illu pulmonary circuit."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Illu_pulmonary_circuit.jpgView on Boundless.com

  21. Cardiovascular System: The Heart The Mammalian Heart The position of valves ensures proper directional flow of blood through the cardiac interior. Note the difference in the thickness of the muscled walls of the atrium and the left and right ventricle. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Diagram of the human heart (cropped)."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diagram_of_the_human_heart_(cropped).svg%23globalusageView on Boundless.com

  22. Cardiovascular System: The Heart Membranes of the Thoracic Cavity A transverse section of the thorax, showing the contents of the middle and the posterior mediastinum. The pleural and pericardial cavities are exaggerated since normally there is no space between parietal and visceral pleura and between pericardium and heart. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Transverse Thorax."Public domainhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Gray968.pngView on Boundless.com

  23. Cardiovascular System: The Heart The Heart Wall The wall of the heart is composed of three layers, the thin outer epicardium, the thick middle myocardium, and the very thin inner endocardium. The dark area on the heart wall is scarring from a previous myocardial infarction (heart attack). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Heart ant wall infarction."CC BYhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Heart_ant_wall_infarction.jpgView on Boundless.com

  24. Cardiovascular System: The Heart Structure of the heart Structure diagram of a coronal section of the human heart from an anterior view. The two larger chambers are the ventricles. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Heart diagram-en."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heart_diagram-en.svgView on Boundless.com

  25. Cardiovascular System: The Heart The Systemic Circuit The venae cavae and the aorta form the systemic circuit, which circulates blood to the head, extremities and abdomen. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Illu systemic circuit."CC BY-SAhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Illu_systemic_circuit.svgView on Boundless.com

  26. Cardiovascular System: The Heart Right Ventricular Hypertrophy If the heart adapts to become too thick, it will not be able to pump blood as efficiently, and heart failure may occur. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Right_Ventricular_hypertrophy.svg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventricular_hypertrophy#/media/File:Right_Ventricular_hypertrophy.svgView on Boundless.com

  27. Cardiovascular System: The Heart Cardiac Muscle The tissue structure of cardiac muscle contains sarcomeres that are made of myofibrils with intercalated disks, that contain cardiomyocytes and have many mitocondria. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Cardiac_Muscle.png."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_muscle#/media/File:Cardiac_Muscle.pngView on Boundless.com

  28. Cardiovascular System: The Heart Coronary Circulation Coronary arteries labeled in red text and other landmarks in blue text. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Coronary arteries."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coronary_arteries.svgView on Boundless.com

  29. Cardiovascular System: The Heart Cross section of heart indicating heart valves The four valves determine the pathway of blood flow (indicated by arrows) through the heart Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com University of California San Francisco."Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery - Heart Valve Disease."Public domainhttp://pediatricct.surgery.ucsf.edu/conditions--procedures/heart-valve-disease.aspxView on Boundless.com

  30. Cardiovascular System: The Heart Fibrous Rings of the Heart Transverse section of the heart showing the fibrous rings surrounding the valves. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Gray495."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray495.pngView on Boundless.com

  31. Cardiovascular System: The Heart The Sarcomere A single sarcomere unit with all functional areas labeled, including thick and thin filaments, Z lines, H zone, I bands, and A band. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Sarcomere."CC BY-SAhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sarcomere.gifView on Boundless.com

  32. Cardiovascular System: The Heart The Cardiac Conduction System The system of nerves that work together to set the heart rate and stimulate muscle cell depolarization within the heart. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."ConductionsystemoftheheartwithouttheHeart-en.svg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinoatrial_node#/media/File:ConductionsystemoftheheartwithouttheHeart-en.svgView on Boundless.com

  33. Cardiovascular System: The Heart Myoglobin The heme component of myoglobin, shown in orange, binds oxygen. Myoglobin provides a back-up store of oxygen to muscle cells. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Myoglobin and heme."CC BY-SAhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Myoglobin_and_heme.pngView on Boundless.com

  34. Cardiovascular System: The Heart Sliding Filament Model of Contraction Muscle fibers in relaxed (above) and contracted (below) positions Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Sarcomere."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sarcomere.svgView on Boundless.com

  35. Cardiovascular System: The Heart Animation of Myosin and Actin This animation shows myosin filaments (red) sliding along the actin filaments (pink) to contract a muscle cell. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Actin Myosin."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Actin_Myosin.gifView on Boundless.com

  36. Cardiovascular System: The Heart Animation of a Normal ECG Wave The red lines represent the movement of the electrical signal through the heart. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."ECG principle slow."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ECG_principle_slow.gifView on Boundless.com

  37. Cardiovascular System: The Heart ECG Illustration of a patient undergoing a 12-lead ECG. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."ECGcolor."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ECGcolor.svgView on Boundless.com

  38. Cardiovascular System: The Heart Normal Systole ECG The U wave is not visible in all ECGs. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Systole QRS Complex."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Systole_QRS_Complex.pngView on Boundless.com

  39. Cardiovascular System: The Heart Opening and Closing of Heart Valves The closing of the heart valves generates the "lub, dub" sounds that can be heard though a stethoscope. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Apikal4D."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Apikal4D.gifView on Boundless.com

  40. Cardiovascular System: The Heart The Cardiac Cycle Changes in contractility lead to pressure differences in the heart's chambers that drive the movement of blood. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia.CC BY-SAhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Cardiac_cycle_pressure_only.pngView on Boundless.com

  41. Cardiovascular System: The Heart Frank Starling's Law This chart indicates stroke volume compared to ventricular preload, with labels for preload dependent zone, responsive patient SVV > 10%, and nonresponsive patient SVV < 10 %. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Frank_Starling’s_curve.png."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_output#/media/File:Frank_Starling%E2%80%99s_curve.pngView on Boundless.com

  42. Cardiovascular System: The Heart The mammalian heart Chronic exercise results in increased pumping efficiency, a greater filling capacity and greater responsiveness of the heart to increased energy demands. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Diagram of the human heart (cropped)."CC BY-SA 3.0http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diagram_of_the_human_heart_(cropped).svgView on Boundless.com

  43. Cardiovascular System: The Heart Attribution • Wikipedia."Epicardium."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicardium • Wikipedia."endothelial cell."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/endothelial%20cell • Wikipedia."Myocardium."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardium • Wiktionary."cardiomyocyte."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cardiomyocyte • Wikipedia."Endocardium."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocardium • Wiktionary."epicardium."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/epicardium • Wiktionary."endocardium."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/endocardium • Wikibooks."Human Physiology/The cardiovascular system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/The_cardiovascular_system%23The_Heart • Wikipedia."Atrium (heart)."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrium_(heart) • Wikipedia."pulsatile."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/pulsatile • Wikipedia."Ventricle (heart)."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventricle_(heart) • Wiktionary."systole."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/systole • Wiktionary."diastole."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diastole • Wikibooks."Human Physiology/The cardiovascular system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/The_cardiovascular_system%23Heart_Chambers • Wikipedia."Systemic circulation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_circulation • Wiktionary."pulmonary circulation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pulmonary_circulation • Wiktionary."systemic circulation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/systemic_circulation Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  44. Cardiovascular System: The Heart • Wikipedia."Pulmonary circulation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_circulation • Boundless Learning."Boundless."CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//physics/definition/alveoli--2 • Wikipedia."cardiac skeleton."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cardiac%20skeleton • Wikipedia."fibrous rings."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fibrous%20rings • Wikipedia."Cardiac skeleton."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_skeleton • Wiktionary."collagen."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/collagen • Wikipedia."pulmonary valve."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/pulmonary%20valve • Wikipedia."aortic valve."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/aortic%20valve • Wikipedia."Semilunar valves."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semilunar_valves%23Semilunar_valves • Wikipedia."Semilunar valves."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semilunar%20valves • Wikipedia."dub."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dub • Wikipedia."lub."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/lub • Wikibooks."Human Physiology/The cardiovascular system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/The_cardiovascular_system%23.22Lub-Dub.22 • Wikipedia."syncytium."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/syncytium • Wikipedia."Sarcomeres."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcomeres • Wikipedia."intercalated discs."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/intercalated%20discs • Wikipedia."Myofibrils."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myofibrils • Wiktionary."sarcomere."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sarcomere • Wikipedia."Myocardium."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardium%23Appearance Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  45. Cardiovascular System: The Heart • Wikipedia."Coronary circulation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary%20circulation • Wikipedia."Coronary circulation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_circulation • Wiktionary."myocardial infarction."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/myocardial_infarction • Wiktionary."ischemia."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ischemia • Wikipedia."Mitral valve."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitral_valve%23Normal_physiology • Wikipedia."Semilunar valves."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semilunar_valves%23Atrioventricular_or_cuspid_valves • Wikipedia."Subvalvular apparatus."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subvalvular%20apparatus • Wiktionary."mitral valve."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mitral_valve • Wikipedia."Atrioventricular valves."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrioventricular%20valves • Wikipedia."lactate."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/lactate • Wikipedia."Myocardium."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardium%23Metabolism • Wiktionary."basal metabolic rate."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/basal_metabolic_rate • Wiktionary."myoglobin."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/myoglobin • Wikipedia."Human heart."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_heart%23Structure • Wiktionary."ventricle."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ventricle • Wiktionary."myocardium."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/myocardium • Wikibooks."Human Physiology/The cardiovascular system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/The_cardiovascular_system%23The_Heart • Wiktionary."heart."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heart • Wikipedia."Aerobic conditioning."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobic_conditioning Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  46. Cardiovascular System: The Heart • Wikipedia."Exercise."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exercise%23Cardiovascular_system • Wikipedia."aerobic exercise."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/aerobic%20exercise • Wikipedia."anaerobic threshold."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/anaerobic%20threshold • Wikipedia."Pericardium."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericardium • Wikipedia."Serous pericardium."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serous_pericardium • Wikipedia."fibrous pericardium."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fibrous%20pericardium • Wikipedia."serous pericardium."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/serous%20pericardium • Wikipedia."Fibrous pericardium."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrous_pericardium • Wiktionary."pericardium."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pericardium • Wikibooks."Human Physiology/The cardiovascular system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/The_cardiovascular_system%23Pericardium • Wikipedia."calcium-induced calcium release (CICR)."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/calcium-induced%20calcium%20release%20(CICR) • Wikipedia."Myocardium."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardium%23T-Tubules • Wikipedia."Excitation-contraction coupling."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excitation-contraction_coupling • Wikipedia."Myocardium."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardium%23Role_of_calcium_in_contraction • Wikipedia."T-tubule."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-tubule • Wikipedia."excitation contraction coupling (ECC)."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/excitation%20contraction%20coupling%20(ECC) • Wikipedia."cardiac cycle."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cardiac%20cycle • Wikipedia."cardiac output."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cardiac%20output • Wikipedia."Pulse."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  47. Cardiovascular System: The Heart • Wikipedia."Electrical conduction system of the heart."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conduction_system_of_the_heart • Boundless Learning."Boundless."CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//physiology/definition/pulse • Wikibooks."Human Physiology/The cardiovascular system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/The_cardiovascular_system%23Cardiac_Cycle • Wikibooks."Human Physiology/The cardiovascular system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/The_cardiovascular_system%23Diastole • Wikipedia."noradrenaline."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/noradrenaline • Wiktionary."ventricle."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ventricle • Wiktionary."gap junction."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gap_junction • Wikibooks."Human Physiology/The cardiovascular system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/The_cardiovascular_system%23Systole • Wikipedia."Vena cavae."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vena_cavae • Wikipedia."Pulmonary vein."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_vein • Wikipedia."Superior vena cava."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_vena_cava • Wikipedia."Inferior vena cava."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_vena_cava • Wikipedia."venae cavae."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/venae%20cavae • Wikipedia."Pulmonary artery."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_artery • Wikipedia."Aorta."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aorta • Wikipedia."pulmonary vessels."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/pulmonary%20vessels • Wiktionary."aorta."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aorta • Wikibooks."Human Physiology/The cardiovascular system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/The_cardiovascular_system%23The_Cardiovascular_Pathways • Wikipedia."cardiac output."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cardiac%20output Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  48. Cardiovascular System: The Heart • Wikipedia."Cardiac output."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_output • Wikipedia."Starling's Law."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%E2%80%93Starling_law • Wiktionary."echocardiography."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/echocardiography • Wikipedia."pulse pressure."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/pulse%20pressure • Wikibooks."Human Physiology/The cardiovascular system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/The_cardiovascular_system%23The_ECG • Wikipedia."atrioventricular node."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/atrioventricular%20node • Wikipedia."sinoatrial node."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sinoatrial%20node • Wikipedia."Electrocardiography."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrocardiography • Wikipedia."T-tubules."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-tubules • Wikipedia."Syncytium."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncytium • Wikipedia."Myocardium."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardium • Wikipedia."Excitation-contraction coupling."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excitation-contraction_coupling • Wiktionary."cardiomyocyte."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cardiomyocyte • Wiktionary."sarcomere."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sarcomere • Wikipedia."Sarcomere."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcomere • Wiktionary."myoglobin."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/myoglobin Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

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