Rise & Fall of ICT companies

1. Rise & Fall of ICT companies Tom & Tom 1-7-2004

2. Content • Overview history and milestones major companies • Conflicts and Cooperation • Xerox, IBM, HP, Digital, Microsoft, Apple and SUN

3. Xerox Corporation • 1906 The Haloid Company founded • Photo paper, Xerographic Copiers • 1961 Name changed to Xerox Corp. • Office equipment • 1970 Palo Alto Research Centre (PARC) started

4. Xerox (PARC) • 3 main Research areas • Object Oriented Programming (SMALLTALK) • Networking (ETHERNET) • Graphical User Interfaces (GUI, Mouse, Bitmapped display, WYSIWYG editor)

5. International Business Machines Corporation • 1924 founded, emerged from C-T-R (1888) • Computing and Tabulating -> Mainframes -> PC -> business solutions • 1965 – 1975 Dominant market position. • Culture: Dress code, Songs

6. Hewlet Packard • 1939 Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard founded HP • Lab equipment • Calculators, Printers • Social and open Company • Compaq (Digital) incorporated

7. Digital Equipment Corporation • 1957 Ken Olsen & Harlan Anderson • Small digital lab modules • PDP series • “There is is no reason for any individual to have a computer in their home.“ Ken Olsen 1977

8. Microsoft Corporation • 1975 Bill Gates, Paul Allen (Traf-O-Data) • BASIC for ALTAIR 8800 • 1981 DOS for IBM Pc’s • 1985 Windows • Conflict IBM about OS/2

10. Apple Computer Company • 1976 Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak • 1977 Apple II • Technical • Design • Price / quality • 1984 Introduction Macintosh • Bad economical times, conflicts • Nowadays Graphical market, cooperation MS

11. SUN microsystems • 1982 Stanford University Network • Networks / distributed computing • 1989 SPARCStation1 workstation • 1995 Java Platform • Conflicts with MS

12. Conclusion • Objective Information difficult to find • Success depends on luck, strategic vision, power struggles • Basic knowledge for every informatician

13. Questions ?