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Digestion

Digestion. Vocabulary for Digestion. Digestion- a process in which food is broken down into small molecules so they can be absorbed and moved into the blood. Mechanical- food is chewed, mixed, or churned

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Digestion

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  1. Digestion

  2. Vocabulary for Digestion • Digestion- a process in which food is broken down into small molecules so they can be absorbed and moved into the blood. • Mechanical- food is chewed, mixed, or churned • Chemical- occurs when chemical reactions break down large molecules into smaller molecules • Ex- polysaccharide Monosaccharide

  3. Food Processing • Four Stages • Ingestion- bring food into your body • Digestion- mechanical or chemical • Absorption- nutrients are actually absorbed for body use • Elimination- removal of wastes Ingestion

  4. The Importance of Enzymes Enzymes- are proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in your body. 1. Reduce the amount of energy necessary for the chemical reaction to occur 2. Can allow things to be put together or taken apart

  5. Organs of the Digestive Tract Digestive Tract Accessory Organs • Mouth • Esophagus • Stomach • Small Intestine • Large Intestine • Rectum • Anus • Tongue • Teeth • Salivary Glands • Liver • Gall bladder • Pancreas

  6. Digestive Tract and Accessory Organs

  7. Mouth • Mechanical and chemical digestion begin here • Chewing is mechanical (Teeth an accessory organ) • Saliva from the salivary glands mixes with the chewed food to begin the digestion of carbohydrates by AMYLASE • Process of ingestion

  8. Esophagus • No digestion occurs here • Only purpose is to transfer food from the mouth to the stomach • Movement is by PERISTALSIS- a rhytmic movement of contractions and relaxation of the smooth muscles of the esophagus • EPIGLOTTIS- A flaplike structure that covers the trachea so food does not enter the lungs.

  9. Stomach • Muscular Bag • Mechanical- mixing of food • Chemical- mixed with enzymes and hydrochloric acid • Enzymes- Pepsin- aids in the breakdown of proteins • Mucus- is released so the stomach is protected from the harsh acid and makes the food slippery • HCl- kills bacteria and makes the pepsin work • Food is changes into a thin, watery solution called CHYME

  10. Small intestine • Length- about 30 feet • First part of SI- the duodenum • Duodenum is the site of most digestion

  11. Villi • Small, finger like projections on the small intestine wall to help increase surface area for absorption of nutrients

  12. Accessory organs and the small intestine • Liver- produces bile, green fluid, to emulsify fats • Gall bladder- storage place of bile until it is needed • Pancreas- • 1. Produces enzymes to break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrate • 2. Produces a solution of bicarbonate ions to neutralize the acid from the stomach • 3. Produces insulin, a hormone, used to regulate glucose going into the bloodstream.

  13. Large Intestine • Main job is to remove water from the chyme • Peristalsis is the main way chyme moves through- but a much slower rate • Removal of waste is controlled by the rectum and anus

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