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Sisteme de transmisiuni SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) ALCATEL 1641 SM

Sisteme de transmisiuni SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) ALCATEL 1641 SM. Ierarhii digitale în sistemele de transmisiuni. STM-64 10 Gbit/s STM-16 2,5 Gbit/s STM- 4 622 Mbit/s STM- 1 155 Mbit/s. SONET (USA) PDH (ANSI). SDH

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Sisteme de transmisiuni SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) ALCATEL 1641 SM

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  1. Sisteme de transmisiuni SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) ALCATEL 1641 SM

  2. Ierarhii digitale în sistemele de transmisiuni STM-64 10 Gbit/s STM-16 2,5 Gbit/s STM- 4 622 Mbit/s STM- 1 155 Mbit/s SONET (USA) PDH (ANSI) SDH (ITU-T) PDH (CEPT) 52 Mbit/s (STS-1) 140 Mbit/s 34 Mbit/s 45 Mbit/s 8 Mbit/s 6 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s 1,5 Mbit/s 64 kbit/s

  3. Japonia USA Europa PDH(Plesyochronous Digital Hierarchy) Nivel ierarhic Rata binare (Kbit/s) 64 64 1 1.544 2.048 2 6.312 8.448 3 32.064 44.736 34.368 4 97.728 139.264

  4. Soluţia SDH Flexibilitate (vizibilitate tributare) - structura cadrului simplificată Managementul reţelei Mai puţin echipament Interfeţe cu toate nivelele Protecţia reţelei PDH şi cu reţelele ATM Uşor de adaptat la Independent de producător adaptat la rate binare mai mari SDH

  5. Structura cadrului STM-1 Durata transmisiei unui cadru = 125 sec (8 KHz) Rata transmisiei = 9 x 270 octeti x 8 biti/octet x 8 KHz = 155.520 Kbit/s 1 9 10 11 270 1 2 3 4 5 Payload 6 7 8 9 SOH SOH = Section OverHead / 9 coloane x 9 rânduri de octeţi Payload = 261 coloane x 9 rânduri de octeţi

  6. STM 64 STM 4 STM 1 STM 16 4. Structura de multiplexare ETSI SOH x 1 139264 kbit/s x 3 SOH x 4 AU4 VC4 44736 kbit/s x 16 x 7 34368 kbit/s SOH TU3 VC3 x 64 SOH x 3 2048 kit/s TU12 VC12 STM 1 = Synchronous Transport Module (nivel 1 SDH 1 x 155520 = 155520 kbit/s) STM 4 = Synchronous Transport Module (nivel 2 SDH 4 x 155520 = 622080 kbit/s) STM 16 = Synchronous Transport Module (nivel 3 SDH 16 x 155520 = 2488320 kbit/s) STM 64 = Synchronous Transport Module (nivel 4 SDH 64 x 155520 = 9953280 kbit/s) Multiplexare octet cu octet PTR POH POH AUG C4 C4 C4 PTR TUG3 POH POH C3 C3 C3 TUG2 PTR POH POH C12 C12 C12

  7. STM 64 STM 4 STM 1 STM 16 4. Multiplexarea în SDH SOH x 1 139264 kbit/s x 3 SOH x 4 AU4 VC4 44736 kbit/s x 16 x 7 34368 kbit/s SOH TU3 VC3 x 64 SOH x 3 2048 kit/s TU12 VC12 C = Container TU = Tributary Unit VC = Virtual Container TUG = Tributary Unit Group PTR = Pointer AU = Administrative Unit POH = Path OverHead SOH = SDH OverHead STM = Synchronous Transport Module SDH = Synchronous Digital Hierarchy PTR POH POH AUG C4 C4 C4 PTR TUG3 POH POH C3 C3 C3 TUG2 PTR POH POH C12 C12 C12

  8. Structura multiplexului STM-1 x 1 x 1 x 3 x 3 x 7 x 1 x 7 x 3 x 4 140 M C-4 VC-4 AU-4 AUG STM-1 TUG-3 VC-3 TU-3 34 M (45) 6 M 2 M 1,5 M C-3 VC-3 AU-3 TUG-2 Standard ETSI Standard SONET C-2 VC-2 TU-2 Ci = container VC = Virtual Container TU = Tributary Unit TUG = Tributary Unit Group AU = Administrativ Unit AUG = Administrativ Unit Group STM = Synchronous Transport Module C-12 VC-12 TU-12 C-11 VC-11 TU-11

  9. POH Pointer Payload Structura multiplexului SDH VC-4 RSOH Payload PTR MSOH TUG-3 TUG-2 TU-12 RSOH = Regenerator Section OverHead MSOH = Multiplex Section OverHead PTR = Pointer

  10. Sectiuni de regenerare si de multiplexare SDH Multiplexer Regenerator SDH Multiplexer SDH Multiplexer Sectiune de regenerare Sectiune de regenerare Sectiune de regenerare RSOH RSOH RSOH Sectiune de multiplexare Sectiune de multiplexare MSOH MSOH Cale POH POH = Path OverHead

  11. 2 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s SECTION = Linkul dintre două echipamente PATH = Setul de linkuri din reţea între două puncte de acces cu semnal PDH SECTION - PATH Section 1 Section 2 STM 1 STM 4 Path 2 Path 1 STM 4

  12. Sectiuni de regenerare si de multiplexare Terminal | Cross-connect Multiplexer Terminal | Cross-connect Multiplexer POH SOH SOH POH C VC STM-N STM-N VC C R R C VC VC C Sectiune de Sectiune de Sectiune de regenerare regenerare regenerare (RSOH) (RSOH) (RSOH) Sectiune de multiplexare (MSOH) Trail - PATH C = Container STM-N = Synchronous Tramsport Module - N VC = Virtual Container R = Regenerator POH = Path OverHead / folosit pentru managementul căii de transmisie / SOH = Section OverHead RSOH = Regeneration Section OverHead / folosit pentru managementul secţiunii de regenerare/ MSOH = Multiplexing Section OverHead / folosit pentru managementul secţiunii de multiplexare/

  13. Path/ POH - Path OverHead Lower Order Path Higher Order Path Multiplex Section Regenerator Sections STM-N STM-N RSOH RSOH STM-N / MSOH VC-3 - 45M/VC4 / POH VC - 1/2/12/3 -34 M / POH VC-12 VC-3 VC-4 STM-N STM-N VC-4 VC-3 VC-12 Reg. VC-1 VC-2 VC-4 VC-4 VC-1 VC-2

  14. Structura cadrului STM-1 Durata transmisiei unui cadru = 125 sec (8 KHz) Rata transmisiei = 9 x 270 octeti x 8 biti/octet x 8 KHz = 155.520 Kbit/s 1 9 270 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 RSOH P O C4 H AU pointer MSOH VC 4 RSOH = Regenerator Section OverHead Număr de octeţi = 2430 MSOH = Multiplexer Section OverHead Payload : 2340 octeţi PTR = Pointer Administrative Unit (149760 Mbit/s) SOH = Section OverHead (RSOH+PTR+MSOH)

  15. SOH - SECTION OverHead Sincronizare cadru Identificare nivel STM-N A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 C1 RSOH Antet pentru sectiunea de regenerare MSOH Antet pentru sectiunea de multiplexare B1 E1 F1 ( D1 D2 D3 Pointerii unitatii administrative PTR-AU k2 Supraveghere Q.821 B2 B2 B2 k1 APS B2 B2 B2 pentru securitate D5 D4 D6 Informatii destinate echipamentului D8 de supraveghere (D4-D12) D9 D7 D8 D10 D11 D12 S1 Z1 Z1 Z2 Z2 Z2 E2 (

  16. SOH A1, A2 = Aliniament cadru A1: 11110110 A2: 00101000 C1: Identificator STM - identifica nivelul STM (valoarea binara a multicoloanei) D1-D12 : DCC = Data Communication Channel 0 D1-D3 - canal de 192 kbit/s pentru RSOH D4-D12 - canal de 576 kbit/s pentru MSOH E1, E2 canal de serviciu (audio) pentru RSOH, respectiv MSOH F1 octet rezervat, la dispozitia utilizatorului B1, B2 : BIP (Bit Interleaved Parity) pentru monitorizare erori

  17. SOH k1, k2 = folosiţi pentru protocolul de protecţie a secţiunii de multiplexare (MSP) şi comutarea automată pe protecţie (APS = Automatic Protection Switching) k2 (biţi 678) 000 : Operare normală 110 : MS_RDI (Multiplex Section Remote Defect Indication) 111 : MS_AIS (Multiplex Section Alarm Indication Signal) S1 = informare privind starea de sincronizare a echipamentului distant S1 (biţii 5 - 8) 0000 calitate necunoscută 0010 G811 (10 ) 0100 G812 transit (2.10) 1000 G812 local (10) 1011 SETS (Sourcs of the synchronization equipment clock signals) 1111 nefolosit pentru sincronizare

  18. VC-4 POH C4 J1 B3 C2 G1 F2 H4 F3 K3 N1 POH (Path OverHead)/ VC-4, VC-3 J1 = Path trace (check that the path connexion with the transmitter is maintened) B3 (BIP-8) = Byte Indicator Parity 8 bits) C2 = Signal label (indicates the composition of C4) G1 = Status of the opposite path termination H4 = A specific use of VC 4 F2, F3 = Service channels - multiframe indicator (VC11, VC12, VC2) - ATM K3 = APS Automatic Protection Switching channel N1 = Dual connexion monitoring function (bits 1 to 4) Data link (bits 5 to 8)

  19. VC-4 POH C4 J1 B3 C2 G1 F2 H4 F3 K3 N1 POH / VC-4, VC-3 C2 “byte mapping code” Cod Semnificatie hexa 00 Neechipat 01 Echipament ne-specific 02 Structura TUG 03 “Locked” TU 04 Mapare asincrona a 34.368 si 44.736 kbi/s in C3 12 Mapare asincrona a 139.264 kbit/s in C4 13 ATM 14 MAN (DQDB) 15 FDDI FE mapare a semnalului de test FF semnal VC-AIS

  20. VC-4 POH C4 J1 B3 C2 G1 F2 H4 F3 K3 N1 RDI spare reserved R E I VC-4 POH / G1 Status of the opposite path termination G1 : REI : Remote Error Indication (număr de erori detectate) (FEBE = Far End Block Error in operation software) RDI : Remote Defect Indication (întreruperea căii) (FERF = Far End Receive Failure in operation software)

  21. VC-1, VC-2 (Virtual Container) TU-11 TU-12 TU-2 Unitate Container tributara virtual n 25 34 106 V1 1 2 n+2 1 2 n+2 1 2 n+2 1 2 n+2 V1,V2,V3,V4 = pointeri la VC-11,VC-12, VC-2 V5 V5 = POH BIP = Bit Interleaved Parity-2 FEBE = Indicator eroare bloc FEBF = Indicator eroare - cerere comutare pe rezerva Siganl Label: 000 = neechipat 001 = echipat ne-specific 010 = asincron 011 = sinronizare pe bit 100 = sincronizare pe octet V2 BIP-2 FEBE Signal label FEBF J2 V3 Z6 V4 Z7

  22. Multiplexoare sincrone pentru SDH 1. SMT = Synchronous Multiplexer Terminal 63 x 2 M | 3 x 34 M | 155 Mbit/s 1 x 140 Mbit/s 252 x 2 M | 12 x 34 M | 622 Mbit/s 4 x 140 M| 4 x 155 Mbit/s TMX 1 TMX 4

  23. Multiplexoare sincrone pentru SDH 2. ADM = Add/Drop Multiplexer [SMA = Synchronous Multiplexer Add/Dro] (1+1) (1+1) 155 Mbit/s| 155 Mbit/s 63 x 2 M 3 x 34 M 1 x 140 M| SMA 1

  24. Multiplexoare sincrone pentru SDH 3. Comutator/Repartitor sincron 3.1. CX = Cross-Connect 155 Mbit/s [622 Mbit/s] 140 Mbit/s 34 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s Cross-Connect STM -1 [STM - 4]

  25. Multiplexoare sincrone pentru SDH 3. Comutator/Repartitor sincron 3.2. Repartitor Cross-Connect 155 Mbit/s 622 Mbit/s Cross-Connect STM -1 [STM - 4]

  26. AUX/EOW Tributary 21 x 2 M Tributary - Spare Tributary 3 x 34 M STM 1 STM 1 CRU CRU STM 1 STM 1 Tributary - Protection Tributary - Protection ESCT CNVR A CVRN B Echipamentul sistemului ALCATEL 1641 SM • AUX/EOW = AUXiliary board and Engineering Order Wire – management SOH si POH • Tributary 21 x 2 M = 21 x 2 Mbps tributary board – inserţie-extragere de tributar 2M • Tributary 34/5 x 2 = 3 x 34 Mbps + 5 x 2 Mbps transmux board inserţie-extragere de tributar 2M • STM 1 = STM 1 aggregate board – managementul cadrelor STM 1 • CRU = Clock Reference Unit – managementul sincronizării • ESCT or CPU = Equipment controlling board or Control Processor Unit – configurare şi superviziune • CNVR = converter board – alimentare electrică

  27. Configurare şi superviziune CPU / ESCT Managementul antetelor Aux/Eow WEST Aggregate EAST Aggregate Convertor Convertor Add-Drop Tributaries Synchronisation CRU Add-Drop Tributaries Add-Drop Tributaries Tributary Protection Diagrama funcţională a sistemului ALCATEL 1641 SM

  28. Managementul sistemelor ALCATEL 1641 SM • Funcţii de management • configurare echipament, • configurare conexiuni, • monitorizarea performanţelor, • localizarea defecţiunilor, • informaţii de stare şi alarme, • configurarea criteriilor de alarme, • managementul memoriei, • funcţii administrative de sistem, • managementul sincronizării, • încărcarea de software.

  29. WEST EAST WEST EAST • RX TX RX TX • TX RX TX RX • TRIB TRIB • D/I BIDIR UNP. WEST D/I BODIR UNP. EAST • WEST EAST WEST EAST • RX TX RX TX • TX RX TX RX • TRIB TRIB • D/I PROTECTED WEST D/I PROTECTED EAST Configurarea căilor

  30. Configurarea căilor WEST EAST WEST EAST RX TX RX TX TX RX TX RX TRIB TRIB DROP PROTECTED WEST DROP PROTECTED EAST WEST EAST WEST EAST RX TX RX TX TX RX TX RX TRIB TRIB INSERT TO WEST INSERT TO EAST BRIDGE (Insert to both)

  31. Configurarea căilor WEST EAST WEST EAST RX TX RX TX TX RX TX RX TRIB TRIB TX RX TX RX D/I UNIDIR UNP. WEST D/I UNIDIR UNP EAST WEST EAST WEST EAST RX TX RX TX TX RX TX RX TRIB TRIB TX RX TX RX DROP UNP. WEST DROP UNP. EAST

  32. Configurarea căilor WEST EAST RX TX (West to East) TX RX (East to West) Two - way WEST EAST RX TX (West to East) TX RX One - way WEST EAST RX TX TX RX (East to West) One - way

  33. Exerciţii privind configurarea conexiunilor • Să se configureze conexiunile definite în schema fig.1. • 2 Mbps • Fig.1. P6 P7 1.2.1. 1.2.2. B 02 East West West East 1.2.1. B 123 1.2.2. P6 P7

  34. Exerciţii privind configurarea conexiunilor • 2. Să se configureze conexiunile definite în schema fig.2. • 2 Mbps • Fig.2. East P1 West 1.1.1. B 02 1.1.1. West East 1.1.1. B 123 1.1.1. P1 P2

  35. Exerciţii privind configurarea conexiunilor • 3. Să se configureze conexiunile definite în schema fig.3. • Fig.3. B 02 East West E P1 1.1.5 (2 Mbps) B 123 West East P3 1.1.5. (2 Mbps)

  36. Exerciţii privind configurarea conexiunilor • 3. Să se configureze conexiunile definite în schema fig.4. • Fig.4. B 02 East West E P1, #3, 34 Mbps B 123 West East P3, #3, 34 Mbps

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