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Normal location of pregnancy

Normal location of pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancy. Pregnancy in any location other than the body of the uterus (子宫) is considered ectopic pregnancy. 受精卵在子宫体腔以外着床称异位妊娠, 习惯上称宫外孕 (extrauterine pregnancy) 。. 1. 2.

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Normal location of pregnancy

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  1. Normal location of pregnancy

  2. Ectopic pregnancy Pregnancy in any location other than the body of the uterus (子宫) is considered ectopic pregnancy . 受精卵在子宫体腔以外着床称异位妊娠, 习惯上称宫外孕(extrauterine pregnancy)。

  3. 1 2 tubal pregnancy ovarian pregnancy cervical pregnancy abdominal pregnancy broad ligament pregnancy 3 4 5 1 5 2 3 4

  4.  异位妊娠以输卵管妊娠最常见

  5. Fallopian tube pregnancy is a common ectopic pregnancy

  6. Tubal pregnancy position • 壶腹部(Ampulla) 最多见 • 峡部(Isthmus) 次之 • 伞部(Fimbria) 少见 • 间质部(Interstitial portion) 少见

  7. Etiology of tubal pregnancy Frist part

  8. Ectopic pregnancies are usually caused by conditions that obstruct or slow the passage of a fertilized ovum (egg) through the fallopian tube to the uterus. Key words

  9. Etiology 1、输卵管炎症(Tubal infection)

  10. Etiology 1、输卵管炎症(Tubal infection) 2、输卵管手术史(Previous tubal surgery) 3、输卵管发育异常(Congenital tubal abnormalities) 4、辅助生殖技术(ART) 5、宫内节育器(IUD) 6、其他( Pelvic tumors、endometriosis)

  11. Pathology of tubal pregnancy 输卵管管腔狭小,管壁薄且缺乏粘膜下组织,其肌层远不如子宫肌壁厚与坚韧,妊娠时不能形成完好的蜕膜,不利于胚胎的生长发育。 1、输卵管腔 2、输卵管内血肿 3、绒毛侵犯管壁 4、绒毛膜 5、羊膜 Second part

  12. 着床于粘膜皱襞间 向管壁穿破 破裂 输卵管妊娠时孕卵的着床部位 1、着床于粘膜皱襞内 常向管腔破裂 2、着床于粘膜皱襞间 常穿破管壁 种植在粘膜皱襞内 向管腔破裂 流产

  13. ampullary pregnancy: 8-12W(abortion,rupture) • isthmic pregnancy: 6W (rupture) • interstitial portion: 4M(rupture)

  14. 输卵管妊娠破裂 Tubal rupture 输卵管妊娠流产 Tubal abortion The outcome of tubal pregnancy 继发性腹腔妊娠 Secondary abdominal pregnancy 陈旧性宫外孕 Old Ectopic Pregnancy

  15. Tubal abortion Tubal rupture 长期反复的内出血所形成的盆腔血肿若不消散,血肿便可机化变硬,并与周围组织粘连,临床上称为“陈旧性宫外孕”。 继发性腹腔妊娠 Secondary abdominal pregnancy

  16. The change of uterus 子宫增大变软,子宫内膜出现蜕膜反应。 Enlargement and soft: same as IUP(intrauterine pregnancy) 输卵管妊娠子宫剖面示意图

  17. 胚胎死亡后→子宫内膜多种形态学改变 ①蜕膜变 ② A-S反应:可能为甾体激素过度刺激引起的子宫内膜过度增生和分泌反应。镜下见内膜腺体上皮细胞 增生、增大细胞边界不清,腺细胞排列成团突入腺腔,细胞极性消失,细胞核肥大、深染,胞浆有泡。 ③增生期改变 ④分泌反应 排出组织无绒毛, 组织学检查无滋养细胞。

  18. Symptoms of tubal pregnancy Amenorrhea (停经) Vaginal bleeding (阴道流血) Abdominal pain (腹痛) 典型症状为停经后腹痛与阴道流血。

  19. Amenorrhea • mistake uterine bleeding for true menstruation • lack of amenorrhea do not exclude

  20. Abdominal pain-major symptom • due to tubal stretching • “tearing”pain with nausea and vomiting • 肛门坠胀痛 • pain in the shoulder

  21. Vaginal bleeding (spotting) • scanty,spotting • intermittent or continuous

  22. Syncope and shock(晕厥、休克) • acute hemoperitoneum 急性内出血 • severe abdominal pain 剧烈腹痛 • hemorrhagic shock 失血性休克 出血多时 与阴道流血不成正比

  23. Physical signs of tubal pregnancy General conditions : 贫血、休克体征 Abdominal examination : 血腹征、腹部包块 Pelvic examination : 宫颈举痛、后穹隆饱满、子宫漂浮感, 一侧附件包块,有压痛

  24. Diagnosis of tubal pregnancy 未发生流产或破裂时,临床表现不明显。 ? easy or difficulty

  25. History • Symptoms • Physical signs • Assisted examinations β-HCG Ultrasound Culdocentesis Laparoscopy Endometrium

  26. Assisted examinations 妊娠试验Pregnancy test,HCG-test pregnancy? 尿β-hCG简单快速,适用于急症患者。 血β-hCG定量准确,可协助诊断和保守治疗的疗效判断。 血β-hCG阴性一般可排除异位妊娠。

  27. 超声诊断 异位妊娠患者腹腔积血。 早期妊娠期盆腔疼痛患者右上腹斜矢状面扫查显示肝肾四周与大量腹腔积血一致的液体(箭号)。 活的异位妊娠。 (A)经腹部横切面扫查图像显示邻近子宫(UT)的左侧妊娠囊(箭号),与左侧卵巢(UT O)分界清。

  28. 血β-HCG 测定与B超配合诊断宫外孕 血β-HCG >18KU/L时, 若阴道B超未见宫内妊娠囊,高度怀疑。

  29. 腹腔是否有内出血 阴道后穹隆穿刺 (Culdocentesis) 阳性说明血腹的存在,阴性见于: ①无内出血或出血很少, ②血肿位置高, ③直肠子宫陷凹有粘连。

  30. 腹腔镜检查( laparoscopy)金标准 适用于: 原因不明的急腹症鉴别 输卵管妊娠未破裂或流产的早期 可明确诊断并了解异位妊娠的部位、性质、病灶大小、毗邻关系(有无粘连)、内出血情况等。

  31. 子宫内膜病理检查 目的在于排除 同时合并宫内妊娠流产。 Dilatation and curettage

  32. β-HCG Culdocentesis Ultrasound Laparoscopy Assisted examinations major Endometrium

  33. 鉴别诊断 流产 输卵管 妊娠 黄体破裂 卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转 急性阑尾炎 急性输卵管炎

  34. 1 3 2 2 Treatment of tubal pregnancy 期待疗法 Expectant treatment 药物治疗 Medical treatment 手术治疗 Surgical treatment

  35. Expectant treatment 条件: (1)疼痛轻微 (2)随诊可靠 (3)无输卵管妊娠破裂依据 (4)血β-hCG <1000U/L,且继续下降 (5)输卵管包块直径<3cm或未探及 (6)无明显内出血

  36. Medical treatment 适应于早期输卵管妊娠,要求保留输卵管的患者 (1)输卵管妊娠未发生破裂或流产 (2)输卵管包块直径≤4cm (3)血β-hCG <2000U/L (4)无明显内出血 (5)无药物禁忌症

  37. 1.Methotrexate(氨甲蝶呤) has become popular in selected cases of ectopic pregnancy. 2.Traditional Chinese medicine(中药)

  38. 疗效的监测和判断 血β-hCG 监测: 治疗第四天和第7天检测 疗效判断: 及时 发现 显效 无效

  39. Surgical treatment Surgery is the most common management of an ectopic pregnancy. 紧急处理(Emergency Treatment): 内出血并发休克的患者,输血、输液抗休克同时紧急手术。

  40. 手术适应症 生命体征不稳定或有腹腔内出血 诊断不明确 异位妊娠有进展 随诊不可靠者 期待疗法或药物治疗禁忌证者

  41. 手术途径 Laparotomy laparoscopy

  42. 手术方法 切除患侧输卵管手术

  43. 手术方法 保守手术 切除患侧输卵管手术

  44. 保守手术 Persistent ectopic pregnancy 严密监测血β-hCG : 术后3日血β-hCG下降<20%

  45. 治疗新进展 手术方法 偏向保守手术 腹腔镜手术范围的扩大

  46. 患侧输卵管切开取胚术是腹腔镜下最常采用的一种输卵管保守手术方式。患侧输卵管切开取胚术是腹腔镜下最常采用的一种输卵管保守手术方式。

  47. 输卵管间质部妊娠

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