Modernism

1. Modernism A study of authors: T.S. Eliot Edna St. Vincent Millay Ernest Hemingway

2. The Modernist movement • The term modernism refers to the radical shift in aesthetic and cultural sensibilities evident in the art and literature of the post-World War One period. • The ordered, stable and inherently meaningful world view of the nineteenth century could not, wrote T.S. Eliot, accord with "the immense panorama of futility and anarchy which is contemporary history." • Modernism thus marks a distinctive break with Victorian bourgeois morality; rejecting nineteenth-century optimism, they presented a profoundly pessimistic picture of a culture in disarray. This despair often results in an apparent apathy and moral relativism.

3. Modern life seemed radically different from traditional life -- more scientific, faster, more technological, and more mechanized. Modernism embraced these changes. • Technological innovation in the world of factories and machines inspired new attentiveness to technique in the arts. To take one example: Light, particularly electrical light, fascinated modern artists and writers. Posters and advertisements of the period are full of images of floodlit skyscrapers and light rays shooting out from automobile headlights, movie houses, and watchtowers to illumine a forbidding outer darkness suggesting ignorance and old-fashioned tradition. • Vision and viewpoint became an essential aspect of the modernist novel as well. No longer was it sufficient to write a straightforward third-person narrative or (worse yet) use a pointlessly intrusive narrator. The way the story was told became as important as the story itself.

4. Modernism- Writing • The modernist writers sought to capture the essence of modern life. • The themes of the works were usually implied rather than directly stated, creating a sense of uncertainty. • This movement was born from Imagism. • Modernism is often criticized for abandoning the social world in favor of its narcissistic interest in language and its processes. • Recognizing the failure of language to ever fully communicate meaning ("That's not it at all, that's not what I meant at all" laments Eliot's J. Alfred Prufrock), the modernists generally downplayed content in favor of an investigation of form. The fragmented, non-chronological, poetic forms utilized by Eliot and Pound revolutionized poetic language. • Some writers who fall into this genre are: T.S. Eliot, Ezra Pound, F. Scott Fitzgerald, William Faulkner, Virginia Woolf, James Joyce, E. E. Cummings, William Carlos Williams, and many others.

5. Features of Modernism 1.  The replacement of representation of the external world by the imaginative construction of the poet’s inner world via the mysterious symbol. 2.  The superiority of art to nature. 3.  The concept of the artist as hero. 4.  The autonomy of art and its divorce from truth or morality. 5.  The depersonalization and “objectivity” of art. 6.  Alogical structure 7.  The concrete as opposed to the abstract, the particular as opposed to the general, the perceptual as opposed to the conceptual. 8.  Verbal ambiguity and complexity; “good writing” as inherently arcane. 9.  The fluidity of consciousness (or stream of consciousness) 10.  Increasing importance attached to Freudian unconscious and to the dream work. 11.  The use of myth as organizing structure. 12.  The emphasis on the divided self, on mask vs. inner self. 13.  The malaise of the individual in the “lonely crowd,” the alienated self in the urban world, the “Unreal city” of the WasteLandor Ulysses. 14.  The internalization of modernism:  free flow of ideas all over the world.

6. Modernism- Art • Prior to the 19th century, artists were most often commissioned to make artwork by wealthy patrons, or institutions like the church. Much of this art depicted religious or mythological scenes that told stories and were intended to instruct the viewer. • During the 19th century, many artists started to make art about people, places, or ideas that interested them, and of which they had direct experience. • With the publication of psychologist Sigmund Freud’s The Interpretation of Dreams (1899) and the popularization of the idea of a subconscious mind, many artists began exploring dreams, symbolism, and personal iconography as avenues for the depiction of their subjective experiences. • Challenging the notion that art must realistically depict the world, some artists experimented with the expressive use of color, non-traditional materials, and new techniques and mediums. One of these was photography, whose invention in the 1830s introduced a new method for depicting and reinterpreting the world.

7. Modernism- Art Paul Cezanne Pablo Picasso Robert Delaunay Vincent Van Gogh