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Rhetoric: The Power of Words to Motivate Others

Rhetoric: The Power of Words to Motivate Others. “Let us go forth to lead the land we love.” —J.F. Kennedy, Inaugural Speech . alliteration word choice—inviting; working together pathos (emotion) iambic pentameter.

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Rhetoric: The Power of Words to Motivate Others

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  1. Rhetoric:The Power of Words to Motivate Others

  2. “Let us go forth to lead the land we love.” —J.F. Kennedy, Inaugural Speech

  3. alliteration • word choice—inviting; working together • pathos (emotion) • iambic pentameter

  4. “We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and the oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender.” —Winston Churchill

  5. anaphora: the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of phrases • parallelism: the echoing pattern of similarity in phrasing; refers to the words that come after repeated language (“in the fields and in the streets”) • syntax (sentence structure/length) • imagery & order • word choice/diction (“we,” “shall” vs.” “will,” “never”) • pathos (emotion)

  6. “In 1931, ten years ago, Japan invaded Manchukuo—without warning. In 1935, Italy invaded Ethiopia—without warning. In 1938, Hitler occupied Austria—without warning. In 1939, Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia—without warning. Later in 1939, Hitler invaded Poland—without warning. And now Japan has attacked Malaya and Thailand—and the United States—without warning.” —Franklin D. Roosevelt

  7. epistrophe: the repetition of a word or phrase at the end of phrases (also called antistrophe) • parallelism: the echoing pattern of similarity in phrasing; refers to the words that come after repeated language • pathos (emotion) • collapsing of the countries • building up/climax (partly due to dates) • use of dash/pause

  8. “Extremism in defense of liberty is no vice, moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue.” —Barry Goldwater “Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more.” —Brutus in Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar

  9. antithesis: opposition, or contrast of ideas or words in a balanced (or parallel) construction • parallelism: the echoing pattern of similarity in phrasing; refers to the words that come after repeated language

  10. “One equal temper of heroic hearts, Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.” —Tennyson, Ulysses

  11. alliteration (repetition of first consonant sound of words) • parallelism/repetition • climax: arrangement of words, phrases, or sentences in an order of ascending power (Often the last emphatic word in one phrase is repeated as the first emphatic word of the next.)

  12. “He was at his best when the going was good.” —Alistair Cooke on the Duke of Windsor “There but for the grace of God—goes God.” —Winston Churchill “There are a lot of lies going around—and half of them are true.” —Winston Churchill “I argue very well. Ask any of my remaining friends. I can win an argument on any topic, against any opponent. People know this, and steer clear of me at parties. Often, as a sign of their great respect, they don't even invite me.” —Dave Barry

  13. Background on 2nd quote: “There but for the grace of God, goes I” is the common expression, supposedly expressed by a Christian as he watched “criminals being led to the scaffold” . . . . The phrase was certainly well-known by the mid 20th century, when Winston Churchill is reported as paraphrasing it, at the expense of the pompous Sir Stafford Cripps, as "There but for the grace of God, goes God". In fact, although it is clear that Churchill disliked Cripps, the attribution is itself unverified. Whether or not Churchill said it isn't that important for dating purposes. The quotation was certainly current in Cripps' lifetime (he died in 1952) and if Churchill didn't say it, then another contemporary did.” http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/there-but-for-the-grace-of-god.html

  14. humor/wit • paraprosdokian: surprise or unexpected ending of a phrase or series

  15. Questions to Consider 1. How did the phrasing (word choice, order, repetition, etc.) affect the power and emotions of the statement? 2. How did the occasion and purpose affect the phrasing? 3. What other ways of saying things were there, and why did the author choose the one he did? 4. Which of the techniques might be worth “stealing” and trying out in your own written work or speeches? 5. Which was your favorite technique or learned word?

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