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Feedback Mechanisms From Human Activities: Discoveries Using Data From The Oklahoma Mesonet

Feedback Mechanisms From Human Activities: Discoveries Using Data From The Oklahoma Mesonet. Ken Crawford, Director Oklahoma Climatological Survey Regents’ Professor of Meteorology The University of Oklahoma September 28, 2004. Current Position Title:. Program Director

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Feedback Mechanisms From Human Activities: Discoveries Using Data From The Oklahoma Mesonet

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  1. Feedback Mechanisms From Human Activities:Discoveries Using Data From The Oklahoma Mesonet Ken Crawford, Director Oklahoma Climatological Survey Regents’ Professor of Meteorology The University of Oklahoma September 28, 2004

  2. Current Position Title: Program Director Integrated Surface Observation Systems Office of Science and Technology National Weather Service Headquarters Silver Spring, MD 20910

  3. The Oklahoma Mesonet(Average Spacing is ~30 km)

  4. Site Exposure: “The” Critical Issue In Acquiring Quality Data

  5. The Impact of Trees – Blackwell Large trees are located SE of the Blackwell Mesonet site. How do they impact the observations?

  6. The Impact of Trees – Blackwell Trees toward the SW and SE reduce the average (SW and SE) wind speed by more than 50% compared to the statewide average. Wind anomalies at nearby sites do not correspond with the anomalies at Blackwell. Wind anomalies at Blackwell (and the nearby sites) occur on a smaller scale than the distance between the sites.

  7. Nighttime Temperature Anomalies at Blackwell

  8. Nighttime Temperature Anomalies at Blackwell The average nighttime temperature at Blackwell with a SE wind is almost 10C below the statewide average. The SE wind anomaly at Blackwell does not occur at nearby sites.

  9. Temperature(comparison between Micronet and nearby Mesonet sites) Note the cold anomaly mid-way between two Mesonet sites spaced 20 miles apart! MATT HAUGLAND Pasture-Level Influences

  10. The Impact of the Near-Sensor Environment on the Resulting Observations Several trees to the southeast of a site result in low measured values of radiation during the first several hours of the day. Blue line: an unobstructed station

  11. Related Research and Discoveries Now Possible The Impact of Soil Moisture and a Soil Moisture Climatology for Oklahoma

  12. Impact of an Isolated Irrigated Field on Boundary Layer Temperatures8 August 1998 — 23:00 UTC

  13. Altus Site Photos

  14. Altus Site Photos

  15. Statewide Time Seriesof Soil Moisture The annual cycle of Fractional Water Index values for Oklahoma with four soil moisture phases (I-IV) identified. (6 years of data)

  16. Hollis, OK — 1998Meteogram of Fractional Water Index • Rain gauge was broken during the summer, but almost no rain fell during that time. • 60 & 75 cm soil moisture did not recover by the year’s end, even with winter precipitation.

  17. Time/Depth Scales Of Observed Precipitation Last 30 Days

  18. Time/Depth Scales of Soil Moisture Fractional Water Index at 5 cm — Ending 10/12/03

  19. Time/Depth Scales of Observed Precipitation Last 120 Days

  20. Time/Depth Scales of Soil Moisture Fractional Water Index at 75 cm — Ending 10/12/03

  21. Time/Depth Scales of Soil Moisture Fractional Water Index from Fairview, OK at 4 Depths (5 cm to 75 cm) for the 30 Day Period Ending 10/12/03

  22. Related Research and Discoveries Now Possible… Linear Relationship Between Root Zone Soil Moisture and Surface Heat Fluxes

  23. Linear Correlation of Fluxes With Respect To Soil Depth SH = Flux of Sensible Heat LH = Flux of Latent Heat

  24. Related Research and Discoveries Now Possible… The Impact of Vegetation (Oklahoma Winter Wheat)

  25. Mesonet Site Locations “Wheat” Sites “West” Sites “East” Sites

  26. Dew Point Changes on 27 March 2000

  27. Wind direction (WDIR) & dew point (TDEW) from Freedom, OK 27 March 2000 – Local Impacts Visual greenness for the week ending 6 April 2000

  28. Reverse Inland “Sea breeze” Circulation The Diurnal Cycle of Land-Atmosphere Interactions Across Oklahoma’s Winter Wheat Belt SOM Seminar – Matt Haugland L H L H L H Divergence COOL COOL WARM The city-center (i.e., the wheat belt) becomes warm during the afternoon and induces low-level convergence.

  29. Diurnal Temperature & Pressure Anomalies The Diurnal Cycle of Land-Atmosphere Interactions Across Oklahoma’s Winter Wheat Belt SOM Seminar – Matt Haugland After Harvest, June 1994-2000 (WWB – AC) The result is an afternoon warm anomaly over the wheat belt and a co-located low pressure anomaly.

  30. Related Research and Discoveries Now Possible… The Memory of Mother Earth

  31. Rainfall Footprint from 5-7 August 1994

  32. Blackwell & Pawnee: Week 1

  33. Blackwell & Pawnee: Week 2

  34. Five Days Later: 12 August 1994 Double-lobed pattern in the air temperature field was evident in the afternoon analysis 5 days later.

  35. Five Days Later: 12 August 1994 Double-lobed pattern in the dew point field was evident in the afternoon analysis 5 days later.

  36. Other Agricultural Dividends • “The Mesonet has proven to be one of the most valuable production and marketing tools available to Oklahoma producers.” Mark Hodges, Oklahoma Wheat Commission • “Mesonet data was critical to provide documentation of the current drought.” Gerald Downing, Latimer County Emer. Mgmt.

  37. The EndKenneth.Crawford@noaa.gov

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