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Loran as a backup

International Loran Association Convention, 27-30 October 2002 Can Loran be a Credible Backup to GNSS in Europe? N. Ward, Trinity House, UK. Loran as a backup. Definition of a backup Redundant systems Contingency systems. SOLAS Requirement. EPFS Suitable for whole voyage Regional coverage.

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Loran as a backup

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  1. International Loran Association Convention, 27-30 October 2002Can Loran be a Credible Backup to GNSS in Europe?N. Ward, Trinity House, UK

  2. Loran as a backup • Definition of a backup • Redundant systems • Contingency systems

  3. SOLAS Requirement • EPFS • Suitable for whole voyage • Regional coverage

  4. Present coverage in Europe • 8 NELS stations • Chayka • Mediterranean

  5. New stations • Baltic • Mediterranean • Spain

  6. Modernised stations • Chayka • Mediterranean

  7. System costs • New stations $6m x 3 • Modernised $3m x 5 • Control Center $ 0.5m • Total $33.5m

  8. Receiver costs • 50-60k vessels • $100-400 • $10-40 fitting • Total $6-24m

  9. Risk analysis Risks: • GNSS system failure • Accidental interference - external, natural, onboard • Jamming • Spoofing

  10. Risk analysis Consequences: • Safety • Environmental • Commercial • Security

  11. Dependent systems • AIS • ECDIS

  12. Funding method • Direct levy • Public funds • PPP

  13. Conclusions • Significant risk of losing GNSS • Loran has potential, but coverage partial • Cost of completion $40m • Maritime/defence most likely sectors

  14. Acknowledgements • Loran costs from Megapulse • European vessel numbers from UK MCA • Illustrations from Navigation News, Marine Equipment News, International Ocean Systems, NELS

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