MOTIVATION FOR TEACHING: Utilization of Models for Teaching

1. MOTIVATION FOR TEACHING: Utilization of Models for Teaching M. Nazmul Haq Professor, Institute of Education and Research University of Dhaka

2. What is education ? • Education is a process of transmitting knowledge, attitude and skills to the people who are in need of it. • There are two parties in education: a. Teacher b. Learner • Both the parties are characterized with their own ways of dealings

3. What is the teachers expectation for education ? • Control learning ? or • Promote learning ?

4. Control learning provides • Good students • High scorers • Limited ability • Poor insight • Low potential

5. Learning for promotion provides • Quality students • High scorers • Unlimited ability • Wider insight • Higher potential

6. Teachers’ main thrust for teaching depends on their motivation for teaching

7. What is Motivation ? • It is a process that generates a behaviour and leads it towards the goal. • Three basic questions may clarify its nature: • What causes an action ? • What pushes towards particular goal? • What persists the attempt to reach the goal ?

8. What causes motivation ? • Some external factors: content, teaching aids, models of teaching, grades, etc. • These external factors are known as extrinsic factors. • Some internal factors: curiosity, interest, expectation, anticipation, success, etc. • These internal factors are known as intrinsic factors.

9. Model of teaching • What is a model ? A model is a system which can be copied by someone. So a teacher’s model is the way a teacher behaves in his/her pursuit. • There are three models of teaching: • The executive model • Therapist model • Liberationist model

10. Executive model • This model sees the teacher as the master of the craft and he/she is responsible for learner’s progress • It emphasize direct instruction and hold the responsibility of prescription • Giving lectures, demonstration, suggestions etc. are the techniques of this model • Makes the learners dependent on teacher

11. Therapist model • This model views the teacher as highly sympathetic individual. Here teacher allows the learner to go by his/her own pace • Here teacher works as passive facilitator rather than direct instructor • This model is student centered and help them to construct their own materials • Discover learning, cooperative learning, group discussion, apprenticeship etc. are the techniques of this model

12. Liberationist model • This model views the teacher as a liberator of students’ mind by providing them with the tools and attitudes necessary for learning • Here students are taught how to learn than what to learn • Learners take the responsibility for their development and teacher works as catalyst • Discover, projects, visits, debates, self criticism etc. are the techniques of this model

13. Models of learners • Learner’s model is the way a learner behaves in his/her pursuit. • There are two types: • Acquisition model • Where learners largely accumulate information • This model sees teacher as instructor • Participation model • Where learners largely participates in the process of learning and develop their own information

14. Acquisition model • This model is highly teacher centered • Students largely depends on teacher’s instruction and texts • Developing notes, collecting references, memorizations etc. are principle techniques of this model • Learners become dependent on the text or teacher

15. Participation model • Here learner is independent of teacher and the text • Learner discover and construct his/her own information • Learners are responsible for their learning • Analyzing facts, doing projects, writing journals, prepare materials etc. are principle techniques of this model

16. How to increase motivation • Create favourable attitude • Tap students’ interest • Arouse curiosity • Address learners’ needs • Maintain positive emotional climate • Reinforce appropriate behaviours • Enhance learners’ expectation • Keep the anxiety to minimum level

17. Some possible applications of motivation • Make the classroom and lesson interesting: • Use puzzles, games, and simulations • Try new arrangement of the room • Introduce a lesson with music or relevant poster • Relate class work with field trip or guest speaker or new events

18. Some possible applications of motivation • Have sufficient chance to fulfill students’ needs: • Provide some time for interaction with friends • When a work is anxiety provoking (oral report, major tests) have students to work in group

19. Some possible applications of motivation • Make the classroom a pleasant and safe place: • Provide tutor for students who are falling behind • Choose assignment which is easy for weak students • Do not allow ridicule a student by other students

20. Some possible applications of motivation • Address the needs of backward students: • Give un-graded assignment for improvement • Have individual conference to discuss progress

21. Some possible applications of motivation • Help students to take responsibility for success and failure: • Take responsibility of your own mistakes and discuss it with students • Invite guest speakers who are willing to speak about their success and failure

22. Some possible applications of motivation • Encourage students to discover the connections between their efforts and accomplishment: • After doing a complex assignment ask students to discuss it was done • Discuss reasons for particular success and failure

23. Some possible applications of motivation • Help students to set reasonable short-term goals: • Encourage students to set low goals • Suggest alternative in case of unrealistic high goals

24. If you want to be an effective teacher follow these points • Know about your own model • Be clear to yourself, why you follow that model • Switch your model if necessary • Do not imitate others without understanding • Be a good student for your teaching • Do not teach unless you are motivated • Quit the job if your are not satisfied

25. Thank You