Unit 8 Honesty: Is It Going out of Style?

1. Unit 8 Honesty: Is It Going out of Style?

2. What does the video clip describe? Do you think it funny? Why? • Have you ever cheated on exams or thought of cheating on exams? What are the reasons? • What do you think of cheating on exams? • Do you think we can stop cheating? If yes, how? If no, why? • Can you imagine what would happen if there were no exams? Before Reading_1 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Warm-up Questions ■

3. Think over Is Honesty out of Style? • The first step towards greatest is to be honest. 诚实是迈向伟大的第一步 • Be honest rather than clever.诚实比聪明更重要 • He is wise that is honest.诚实者,智也 • No legacy is so rich as honesty. 没有一笔遗产能象诚实一样丰厚。

4. Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Listening Comprehension Before Reading_2.1 Honest Abe dismay： sundry: 沮丧 各式各样的 conscientious： trifle： 尽责的 琐事

5. What kind of clerk was Abe when he was working in the store? • 2. How much did the woman pay for the items she bought? • 3. Did Abe add up the items for a second time? Why? Before Reading Global Reading After Reading He was honest and efficient. Before Reading_2.2 Two dollars and six and a quarter cents. Yes. Because he was not sure as to the accuracy of his calculation.

6. 4. What did Abe decide to do after he found the mistake? • 5. How far is the woman’s house from the store? • 6. How did Abe feel after he returned the money? He decided to pay the money back. Between two and three miles away. He felt satisfied.

7. Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading 1. State Regents’ examinations Before Reading_3.2.1 1）New York State 2) High school students 3)Examinations made out by regents 4) Not replace final exam 5) Pass score — 65

8. Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading In the state of New York, the Department of Education requires that high school students take year-end examinations in science, math, and language subjects. A regent is a member of a board appointed to govern educational institutions. In New York, the regents make out these required examinations. The regents’ exam does not replace the final examination. Before Reading_3.2.2 ■

9. It is a secure test, meaning that other than the regents themselves, no one, not even the teachers, is supposed to see the examinations prior to their administration. The exams are mostly multiple choice questions, though students may be required to write a short essay or solve math problems. A score of 65 is required to pass the exam, the top score being 100.

10. Text structure • Language points

11. Part Division of the Text Main Ideas Parts Para 1 1 — 3 Globe Reading1 Cheating may be on the rise. 2 4 — 5 Actions taken and reaction. Reactions: Why there was less cheating in “the good old days”? 6 — 13 3 4 Suggestions: Ways to help students gain confidence. 14 — 15

12. Discourse Analysis The text is an argumentative writing in style. The author presents sufficient evidence of valid reasons, examples, strong contrasts, etc. to support his idea that dishonesty is increasing in America, but honesty is still an important part of the national character. Globe Reading2.1 1. How to support a statement? statistics, examples, analysis, counter-argument, analogy（类比）, etc. 2. Find the supporting sentences in each part according to the topic sentences given.

13. For Part 1: Recent poll: 61% American high school students ever cheated. Globe Reading2.2 A case in point: New York State charge. Students buy prewritten term papers.

14. For Part 2: Globe Reading2.3 Campaign at the University of Maryland.

15. For Part 3: George Washington’s cherry tree — honesty was seen as an important part of the American character. Globe Reading2.4 No fun stories, but ones about morality. Abe Lincoln’s penny — small social circle. More signs today — more likely to reveal dishonesty.

16. For Part 4: Theft and cheating Globe Reading2.5 Educators’ finding. Encourage students to be confident.

17. Detailed analysis of the text

18. admit : v. 1) state or agree to the truth of (usu. something bad) She never admits that she is wrong. Before Reading Global Reading After Reading John has admitted (to) breaking the window. HONESTY: IS IT GOING OUT OF STYLE? Stacia Robbins 2) permit to enter Article1_W_admit1 There were no windows to admit air. He was admitted to the hospital suffering from burns. 3) allow The facts admit of no other explanation.

19. admit sth. to…向…承认… admit to 通向… admit to sb. that…向某人承认 admit sb. into / to允许某人进入…吸收某人参加… Pattern: Before Reading Global Reading After Reading HONESTY: IS IT GOING OUT OF STYLE? Stacia Robbins CF: admit & confess“承认，坦白” According to a recent poll, 61 percent of American high school students have admitted to cheating on exams at least once. It can be argued such a response may not mean much. After all, most students have been faced with the temptation to peek at a neighbor’s test paper. And students can be hard on themselves in judging such behavior. However, there are other indications that high school cheating may be on the rise. Article1_W_admit2 admit常指某人对本想否认或推托的事情因屈服于外力或受良心的责备而作的大胆的承认。 This man privately admits that his motive is to gain profits. 这人私下承认他的动机是为了牟利。 confess 指对自身不利的事情或犯罪事实的承认或坦白。 More and more states are requiring students to pass competency tests in order to receive their high school diplomas. And many educators fear that an increase in the use of state exams will lead to a corresponding rise in cheating. A case in point is students in New York State who faced criminal misdemeanor charges for possessing and selling advance copies of state Regents examinations. The prisoner confessed to stealing the jewels. 犯人供认偷了珠宝。

20. be hard on: be stern or strict with; be an unjust or unlucky burden on Before Reading Global Reading After Reading HONESTY: IS IT GOING OUT OF STYLE? Stacia Robbins 不要对孩子太严厉。 According to a recent poll, 61 percent of American high school students have admitted to cheating on exams at least once. It can be argued such a response may not mean much. After all, most students have been faced with the temptation to peek at a neighbor’s test paper. And students can be hard on themselves in judging such behavior. However, there are other indications that high school cheating may be on the rise. Article1_W_be hard on Don’t be too hard on the child. It’s hard on John, having to work when the rest of us are vacationing.

21. indication: n. 1) sign or suggestion There is not much indication that the drought will be over soon. Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading HONESTY: IS IT GOING OUT OF STYLE? Stacia Robbins According to a recent poll, 61 percent of American high school students have admitted to cheating on exams at least once. It can be argued such a response may not mean much. After all, most students have been faced with the temptation to peek at a neighbor’s test paper. And students can be hard on themselves in judging such behavior. However, there are other indications that high school cheating may be on the rise. Article1_W_indication 2) pointing to or out The indication of that arrow is that visitors should turn right here. More and more states are requiring students to pass competency tests in order to receive their high school diplomas. And many educators fear that an increase in the use of state exams will lead to a corresponding rise in cheating. A case in point is students in New York State who faced criminal misdemeanor charges for possessing and selling advance copies of state Regents examinations.

22. on the rise: increasing 我们学校的学生人数在不断增加。 Before Reading Global Reading After Reading HONESTY: IS IT GOING OUT OF STYLE? Stacia Robbins The number of students in our school is on the rise. According to a recent poll, 61 percent of American high school students have admitted to cheating on exams at least once. It can be argued such a response may not mean much. After all, most students have been faced with the temptation to peek at a neighbor’s test paper. And students can be hard on themselves in judging such behavior. However, there are other indications that high school cheating may be on the rise. Article1_W_on the rise The sales volume of the new products has been on the rise since the manager advertised them on TV. More and more states are requiring students to pass competency tests in order to receive their high school diplomas. And many educators fear that an increase in the use of state exams will lead to a corresponding rise in cheating. A case in point is students in New York State who faced criminal misdemeanor charges for possessing and selling advance copies of state Regents examinations.

23. corresponding: adj. 1) matching HONESTY: IS IT GOING OUT OF STYLE? Stacia Robbins Before Reading Global Reading After Reading The peace talk was held between corresponding officials in the two governments. According to a recent poll, 61 percent of American high school students have admitted to cheating on exams at least once. It can be argued such a response may not mean much. After all, most students have been faced with the temptation to peek at a neighbor’s test paper. And students can be hard on themselves in judging such behavior. However, there are other indications that high school cheating may be on the rise. Article1_W_corresponding 2) the same The police found corresponding footprints outside the house where the murder took place. More and more states are requiring students to pass competency tests in order to receive their high school diplomas. And many educators fear that an increase in the use of state exams will lead to a corresponding rise in cheating. A case in point is students in New York State who faced criminal misdemeanor charges for possessing and selling advance copies of state Regents examinations.

24. Article1_W_a case in point a case in point : a fit example Before Reading Global Reading After Reading An average student can be a top student with additional work. Cathy is a case in point. HONESTY: IS IT GOING OUT OF STYLE? Stacia Robbins According to a recent poll, 61 percent of American high school students have admitted to cheating on exams at least once. It can be argued such a response may not mean much. After all, most students have been faced with the temptation to peek at a neighbor’s test paper. And students can be hard on themselves in judging such behavior. However, there are other indications that high school cheating may be on the rise. Nearly all major cities in the US are crime-ridden. A case in point is Chicago. More and more states are requiring students to pass competency tests in order to receive their high school diplomas. And many educators fear that an increase in the use of state exams will lead to a corresponding rise in cheating. A case in point is students in New York State who faced criminal misdemeanor charges for possessing and selling advance copies of state Regents examinations.

25. charge: n. 1) accusation The police brought /made a charge of murder against him. Before Reading Global Reading After Reading HONESTY: IS IT GOING OUT OF STYLE? Stacia Robbins 2) price asked for goods or services According to a recent poll, 61 percent of American high school students have admitted to cheating on exams at least once. It can be argued such a response may not mean much. After all, most students have been faced with the temptation to peek at a neighbor’s test paper. And students can be hard on themselves in judging such behavior. However, there are other indications that high school cheating may be on the rise. Article1_W_charge1 这商店送货服务要收费。 ■ This store has a charge for delivery service. 3) amount of electricity contained in a substance More and more states are requiring students to pass competency tests in order to receive their high school diplomas. And many educators fear that an increase in the use of state exams will lead to a corresponding rise in cheating. A case in point is students in New York State who faced criminal misdemeanor charges for possessing and selling advance copies of state Regents examinations. a negative / positive charge

26. 2. v. 1) accuse Before Reading Global Reading After Reading He was charged with stealing the jewels. HONESTY: IS IT GOING OUT OF STYLE? Stacia Robbins 2) ask as a price According to a recent poll, 61 percent of American high school students have admitted to cheating on exams at least once. It can be argued such a response may not mean much. After all, most students have been faced with the temptation to peek at a neighbor’s test paper. And students can be hard on themselves in judging such behavior. However, there are other indications that high school cheating may be on the rise. Article1_W_charge2 The hotel charges $2 for washing and ironing a shirt. 3) put an amount of electricity into More and more states are requiring students to pass competency tests in order to receive their high school diplomas. And many educators fear that an increase in the use of state exams will lead to a corresponding rise in cheating. A case in point is students in New York State who faced criminal misdemeanor charges for possessing and selling advance copies of state Regents examinations. Batteries for mobile phones need charging every eight hours.

27. 指控 bring / make a charge 驳回一项指控 dismiss a charge Before Reading Global Reading After Reading HONESTY: IS IT GOING OUT OF STYLE? Stacia Robbins 负责某事 take charge of sth. Article1_W_charge3 in charge of sth. 主管某事

28. CF: accuse, charge & blame 这几个词都是动词，都有“指责，起诉”之意。 Before Reading Global Reading After Reading accuse 意为公开指责或指控某人做了错事，是最常用的词，正式或非正式场合都可以使用。 HONESTY: IS IT GOING OUT OF STYLE? Stacia Robbins Article1_W_charge4 可用作一般用语，如犯有过错而受到指责，但主要用作正式的法律用语，如在法庭上对犯了法的人的控告。 charge blame 意思是责怪、埋怨。

29. Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. 1. The police her with speeding. 2. He was in no way to . 3. He the boy of cheating in the test. 4. They treason(叛国) against him. 5. An investigating committee may an office holder of wrong doing. 6. Bad workmen often their tools. charged Before Reading Global Reading After Reading HONESTY: IS IT GOING OUT OF STYLE? Stacia Robbins blame accused Article1_W_charge5 charged accuse blame

30. requirement: n.sth. needed or demanded Article2_W_requirement 我们将尽全力满足顾客的需要。 Before Reading Global Reading After Reading We will try our best to meet the requirements of our customers. The store can supply all your requirements. Collocation: meet someone’s requirements 符合某人的要求

31. launch: 1. v.1) start; set going Before Reading Global Reading After Reading The government launched an attack against corruption. Cheating is now considered to be a major problem in colleges and universities. Several professors say they’ve dropped the traditional term paper requirement because many students buy prewritten term papers, and they can’t track down all the cheaters anymore. Colleges and universities across the nation have decided to do more than talk about the rise in student cheating. For instance, the Department of Psychology at the University of Maryland launched a campaign to stop one form of cheating. As Article2_W_launch 2) set a ship afloat The First Lady was invited to launch the new ship. 3) set a rocket, missile, etc. in motion 409 students filed out of their exam, they found all but one exit blocked. Proctors asked each student to produce an ID card with an attached photo. Students who said they’d left theirs in the dorm or at home had a mug shot taken. The purpose of the campaign was to catch “ringers”, students who take tests for other students. It’s expensive to launch an astronaut into outer space. 2. n. setting in motion The launch of a new ship is usually celebrated with champagne. ■

32. unlike:prep. not like, different from Article4_W_unlike Before Reading Global Reading After Reading Unlike his brother, John is very interested in poetry. 她很不像她母亲。 She’s quite unlike her mother.

33. in the case of: so far as someone or something is concerned Article4_W_ in the case of Before Reading Global Reading After Reading Poverty depressed most people; but in the case of my father it only urged him to work harder. We can’t make an exception in the case of Mary.

34. Article5_W_moral moral: Before Reading Global Reading After Reading 1. adj. concerning principles of right and wrong And these are just two stories out of many. Students in the last century usually didn’t read “fun” stories. They read stories that taught moral values. Such stories pointed out quite clearly that children who lied, cheated, or stole came to bad ends. Parents may have further reinforced those values. It’s difficult to know. We do know that children didn’t hear their parents talk of cheating the government on income taxes — there weren’t any. Premier Zhou is a man of high moral standards. 2. n. that which a story, event, or experience teaches The moral of the story is that crime does not pay. A clue as to why Americans may have been more honest in the past lies in the Abe Lincoln story. Lincoln knew his customer. They both lived in a small town. Would a check-out person at a large supermarket return money to a customer? It’s less likely. On the other hand, would overnight guests at an inn run by a husband and wife, steal towels? It’s less likely. You may draw your own moral from this incident. 当moral作为形容词，表示“道德上的；有道德的”时，没有比较级。

35. Article5_W_reinforce Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading reinforce:vt. strengthen And these are just two stories out of many. Students in the last century usually didn’t read “fun” stories. They read stories that taught moral values. Such stories pointed out quite clearly that children who lied, cheated, or stole came to bad ends. Parents may have further reinforced those values. It’s difficult to know. We do know that children didn’t hear their parents talk of cheating the government on income taxes — there weren’t any. More troops weresent to reinforce the fortress. Most modern buildings are made of reinforced concrete. NB: reinforce的名词形式为reinforcement。

36. lie in: exist in; be found in Article5_W_lie in Before Reading Global Reading After Reading Do you believe that “Happiness lies in contentment”? And these are just two stories out of many. Students in the last century usually didn’t read “fun” stories. They read stories that taught moral values. Such stories pointed out quite clearly that children who lied, cheated, or stole came to bad ends. Parents may have further reinforced those values. It’s difficult to know. We do know that children didn’t hear their parents talk of cheating the government on income taxes — there weren’t any. The greatest charm of the bride’s costume lies in its simplicity.

37. at one’s best: in one’s best condition or state Article6_W_at one’s best Before Reading Global Reading After Reading To see this part of the countryside at its best, you need to come in April. Perhaps this tells us that people need to know one another to be at their honest best. The vast majority of Americans still believe that honesty is an important part of the American character. For that reason, there are numerous watch-dog committees at all levels of society. Although signs of dishonesty in school, business, and government seem much more numerous in recent years than in the past, could it be that we are getting better at revealing such dishonesty? There is some evidence that dishonesty may ebb and flow. When times are hard, incidents of theft and cheating usually go up. And when times get better such incidents tend to go down. He acted in all kinds of plays, but he was at his best in comedy.

38. reveal: v. Article6_W_reveal1 1) expose; make known Before Reading Global Reading After Reading Investigation revealed the women’s 800-meter race champion to be a man in disguise. Perhaps this tells us that people need to know one another to be at their honest best. The vast majority of Americans still believe that honesty is an important part of the American character. For that reason, there are numerous watch-dog committees at all levels of society. Although signs of dishonesty in school, business, and government seem much more numerous in recent years than in the past, could it be that we are getting better at revealing such dishonesty? His life was threatened for revealing the secret. The school, he said, consisted of one class of twenty-four boys, ranging in age from seven to thirteen. I should have to teach all subjects except art, which he taught himself. Football and cricket were played in the Park, a mile away on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons. 2) cause to be seen There is some evidence that dishonesty may ebb and flow. When times are hard, incidents of theft and cheating usually go up. And when times get better such incidents tend to go down. Their faces reveal shock and disbelief. Those pictures reveal to us a wonderful world under water.

39. Article6_W_tend to Before Reading Global Reading After Reading tend to: be apt to; have a tendency to Perhaps this tells us that people need to know one another to be at their honest best. The vast majority of Americans still believe that honesty is an important part of the American character. For that reason, there are numerous watch-dog committees at all levels of society. Although signs of dishonesty in school, business, and government seem much more numerous in recent years than in the past, could it be that we are getting better at revealing such dishonesty? Farmers tend to use more machinery now. Children tend to like action movies.

40. economy: n. Article7_W_ economy1 Before Reading Global Reading After Reading 1) control and management of the money, goods and other resources of a community, society or household Cheating in school also tends to ebb and flow. But it doesn’t seem linked to the economy. Many educators feel that as students gain confidence in themselves and their abilities, they are less likely to cheat. Surprisingly, some efforts to prevent cheating may actually encourage cheating — a person may feel “they don’t trust me anyway,” and be tempted to “beat the system”. Distrust can be contagious. But, so can trust! The President promised to improve the state of the economy. The Industrial Revolution wiped out cottage economy in Britain. 2) careful use of money, time, strength, etc. It is never a shame to practice economy.

41. Collocation: Article7W_ economy 2 practice economy Before Reading Global Reading 实行节约 After Reading make economies 节约开支 严格的节约措施 strict economy 集体经济 a collective economy a free-market economy 自由市场经济 a planned economy 计划经济 a national economy 国民经济

42. tempt : v. Article7_W_temt 1) persuade (sb.) to do sth. wrong or foolish Before Reading Global Reading After Reading He tried to tempt me to cheat on the examination. Cheating in school also tends to ebb and flow. But it doesn’t seem linked to the economy. Many educators feel that as students gain confidence in themselves and their abilities, they are less likely to cheat. Surprisingly, some efforts to prevent cheating may actually encourage cheating — a person may feel “they don’t trust me anyway,” and be tempted to “beat the system”. Distrust can be contagious. But, so can trust! 2) attract The warm sun tempted us to go out. Ifeel tempted to eat more than is good for my health.

43. Useful Expressions 1. 过时 out of style 考试作弊 cheat on exams 2. be hard on 对…过于严格 3. After Reading_1.1 pass competency tests 4. 通过能力测试 term paper 5. 学期论文 launch a campaign 开展一场运动 6. produce an ID card 7. 出示身份证 拍面部照片 take a mug shot 8. 9. the good old days 过去的好时光 10. in the case of 至于 11. American character 美国性格

44. 12.没有好下场 come to bad ends 13.所得税 income taxes 14. 绝大多数 the vast majority of 15. 监督委员会 watch-dog committee After Reading_1.2 16. 社会各阶层 all levels of society 17. 揭露不诚实行为 reveal dishonesty ebb and flow 18. 有起有伏 19. 上升 go up 20. 减少 go down 21. 对…有信心 gain confidence in 22. 防止作弊 prevent cheating

45. Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Proverbs and Quotations After Reading_7.1 1. Honesty is the best policy. 诚实方为上策。 2. Honesty may be dear bought, but can never be an ill penny worth. 诚实或许代价很高，但决不会分文不值。 3. Don’t bury your head in the sand. 不要自欺欺人。

46. Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading After Reading_7.2 4. Nothing is easier than to deceive oneself. — Demothenes, ancient Greek statesman 再没有什么比欺骗自己更容易的了。 ——古希腊政治家 德摩西尼 5. Honesty and diligence should be your eternal mates. — Benjamin Franklin, American President 诚实和勤勉应该成为你永久的伙伴。 ——美国总统 B.富兰克林