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Differences between Men and Women in Periosteal Apposition and Bone Loss during Aging

Differences between Men and Women in Periosteal Apposition and Bone Loss during Aging. Seeman E. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:320. Femur Geometry on DXA. 365 women with hip fracture 2141 controls Prodigy Femur Geometry. Femur Strength Index Study 4 Investigators.

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Differences between Men and Women in Periosteal Apposition and Bone Loss during Aging

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  1. Differences between Men and Women in Periosteal Apposition and Bone Loss during Aging Seeman E. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:320

  2. Femur Geometry on DXA

  3. 365 women with hip fracture 2141 controls Prodigy Femur Geometry Femur Strength Index Study4 Investigators Osteoporosis International January, 2006

  4. Femur Strength Index “HAL and FSI were significant predictors of hip fracture… The FSI was a significant predictor of hip fracture even after adjustment for T score and HAL. The power for predicting fracture was significantly improved by combining T score, FSI, and HAL compared with T score alone.” Osteoporosis International January, 2006

  5. Research: Femur Density Distribution • Color coded density plots • Three levels of density • Set cut points using histogram tool • Show densities < 1SD below and > 1SD above mean BMD • Bone profile tool

  6. 골다공증의 최신 진단지침과 유의사항 • 2006 ISCD guideline New guideline Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) • Beyond BMD Structure (size, geometry, trabecular architecture, etc) Material property (mineral, collagen, microdamage) • Beyond T-score Absolute fracture risk assessment

  7. 80+ 70–79 60–69 50–59 50 –6 –5 –4 –3 –1 –2 0 1 2 T-score T-score를 이용한 WHO 골다공증 진단 기준 • 골절 위험도 반영 • 전 세계적으로 널리 이용 Bone mineral density (SD units or T-score) • 간편하며 쉽게 적용  • 골절 진단의 특이도가 높음

  8. Treatment Guidelines RF NOF RF AACE RF NAMS RF ACOG ALL Fragility Fracture (with or without low BMD) -3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 T-score Treat Don’t treat ? NOF : National Osteoporosis Foundation, AACE : American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, NAMS : North American Menopause Society, ACOG : American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

  9. F/58, L1-L4; -1.9 Total femur 0.4

  10. WHO 골다공증 진단 기준의 단점 • 골절 진단의 예민도가 낮음 • 치료 여부 결정에 적합한 기준이 아님 • 연령, 골절 등 위험인자가 반영되지 않음 • 골의 질 (quality)이 반영되지 않음 • 원칙적으로 백인 여성에 국한하여 적용 • 측정부위가 척추, 대퇴골, 요골에 국한 • 측정부위와 방법에 따라 다양한 결과 • 표준 정상치의 신뢰 정도에 영향을 받음 • 골절위험도의 지속적 증가 개념과 맞지 않음

  11. Age (years) T-Score 0 T-Score –0.5 T-Score –1.0 T-Score –1.5 T-Score –2.0 T-Score –2.5 T-Score –3.0 3.8 4.7 5.9 7.4 9.2 11.3 14.1 50 4.1 5.3 6.7 8.5 10.7 13.4 16.8 55 5.1 6.5 8.2 10.4 13.0 16.2 20.2 60 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.6 15.6 19.3 23.9 65 7.1 9.0 11.5 14.6 18.3 22.8 28.4 70 7.0 9.1 11.8 15.2 19.4 24.5 30.8 75 Kanis Swedish Model10-Year Risks of Any of 4* Fractures*Hip, humerus, wrist, or clinical spine. Age (years) T-Score 0 T-Score –0.5 T-Score –1.0 T-Score –1.5 T-Score –2.0 T-Score –2.5 T-Score –3.0 3.8 4.7 5.9 7.4 9.2 11.3 14.1 50 4.1 5.3 6.7 8.5 10.7 13.4 16.8 55 5.1 6.5 8.2 10.4 13.0 16.2 60 20.2 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.6 15.6 19.3 23.9 65 7.1 9.0 11.5 14.6 18.3 22.8 28.4 70 7.0 9.1 11.8 15.2 19.4 24.5 30.8 75 Data from Kanis JA, et al. Osteoporos Int. 2001;12:989-995.

  12. WHO Scientific Group Meeting on Fracture Risk Reporting • Rotterdam • EVOS/EPOS • CaMos • Rochester • Sheffield • Dubbo • EPIDOS • OFELY • Kupio • Hiroshima • Gothenburg I, II • 59,232 subjects (Female; 74 %) • 249,898 person-years • 5,444 total fractures • 3,459 OP fractures • 959 hip fractures

  13. WHO 연구에서 골절의 절대 위험도 평가에 이용된 위험인자 위험인자                            상대위험도 (Relative risks) 흡연                                      1.7 골절 병력                                 1.8 대퇴골 골절의 가족력                      2.3 음주 ( > 2 unit/일)                      1.7 스테로이드 사용                           2.3 류마티스 관절염                           1.8 대퇴골 경부 Z-score                    1.6 (골밀도 측정결과가 없으면 저체중 (BMI < 20 kg/m2)으로 대체)           Alcohol 2 units = 16 gm= 2잔 = 500ml = 100ml

  14. BMD and Hip Fracture Probability 10 year hip fracture probability (%) 100 T-score -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 T-score -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 10 1 0.1 Prior fracture No prior fracture 0.01 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 Age (years) Female, BMI = 22 Kanis. J, et al.

  15. 10 Yr HIP 10 Yr Any 3* 0.9% 7.8% Case : Swedish Hip and 3-Fracture Risk 52세 여성 4년 전 조기 폐경 체중 : 52.5 kg 모친 고관절 골절병력 2년 전 HRT 중단 At age 52, T-score -1.5 * Spine, hip, or wrist Kanis JA et al. 2001: J Bone Miner Res 16 (Suppl 1):S194.

  16. 한국인 고관절 골절 빈도 조사 • 하용찬 등 (제주도 지역 50세 이상): 2002. 1. 1 ~ 12. 31 • 50세 이상: 118,100 (여자: 68,640, 남자: 46,460) • 골관절 골절 발생 평균 나이: 77.1 세 (50 ~ 98세) • 발생률: 128/100,000 (남자: 93/100,000, 여자: 168/100,000 ) • 연령별 발생률 변화 • 노성만 등 (전남 지역 50세 이상): 134/100,000/year

  17. 골다공성 골절 치료의 국가적 비용 (골다공증성 골절비용연구, 박일형, 양규현, 문성환 등, 2006) 골다공증성 골절 비용: 6688 억원/1년

  18. Korea USA Mid. east 정상 자료의 중요성

  19. 2006. 9 ASBMR, Philadelphia

  20. Female Young Adult BMD Values Comparison (mean±standard deviation, g/cm2)

  21. 한국인 정상 골밀도 연구 한국인 고관절 골절율 : 128-134명/10만명 골다공증성 골절 비용: 6688 억원/1년 2006. 9 ASBMR, Philadelphia

  22. 골다공증의 최신 진단지침과 유의사항 • 2006 ISCD guideline New guideline Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) • Beyond BMD Structure (size, geometry, trabecular architecture, etc) Material property (mineral, collagen, microdamage) • Beyond T-score Absolute fracture risk assessment

  23. DXA의 진화 ; Beyond BMD • 척추골절계측 (Vertebral Fracture Assessment) • 뼈의 크기와 기하학(geometry) • ; CSMI, Hip axis length, Fall index • 골절의 절대위험도 (Absolute fracture risk)

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