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Disaster, Development and Human Security: Evolution of a Conceptual Framework

Disaster, Development and Human Security: Evolution of a Conceptual Framework. William E. Bertrand webertrand@cs.com. Charting New Approaches to Defense and Security Challenges in the Western Hemisphere March 9-11, 2005 Coral Gables , Florida. Socio-Economic Status by Mortality.

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Disaster, Development and Human Security: Evolution of a Conceptual Framework

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  1. Disaster, Development and Human Security:Evolution of a Conceptual Framework William E. Bertrand webertrand@cs.com Charting New Approaches to Defense and Security Challenges in the Western Hemisphere March 9-11, 2005 Coral Gables , Florida

  2. Socio-Economic Status by Mortality

  3. Disaster Causes and Effects:We Know Where They Will Happen

  4. Increasing Number of Events Qualifying as Natural Disasters in Latin America & the Caribbean, 1900-2000 Source: Charvériat, 2000.

  5. Development Risk Continuum Underdevelopment Disaster Socio-Economic Demographic Political Cultural/Religious Human Capital Geographic Time Factors

  6. Disasters Time = acute High Visibility Political support from all sides Conflict resistant Military role is evident Cash catalyst Development Time = long term Low visibility Variable political support Conflict friendly Military role unclear Cash black hole Key Characteristics

  7. History of a Concept in South America • Disaster/Response/Mitigation - OFDA, PAHO,Regional Associations – separate and not equal • More recently Vulnerability/Poverty Reduction/ Development • Training programs in Colombia, Bolivia and Argentina • Change in focus at the Regional level • Focus on human security including right to personal security and food security

  8. Lessons from Recent Disasters • Lack of disaster preparedness at all levels. • Lack of mitigation planning • Lack of communication networking and dissemination of information among states • Delayed response due to mismanagement of • relief, resources, manpower and duty delegation • Lack of Interface and Coordination with State, District Administration & Community • HUGE LOSS OF LIFE & PROPERTY

  9. Our Problems • Lack of formal training • Rapid turnover of leaders • Little or no incentive structure for professional advancement • Lack of linking mechanisms between disaster response and security • Fuzzy leaders still not looking at evidence or investing in prevention i.e. vulnerability reduction.

  10. International Aid as a Function of Direct Disaster Note: The regression sample is disasters since 1960 resulting in economic losses of more than US$50 million and the corresponding amounts of aid received for 16 countries in Latin America Source: Disaster Risk Management: National Systems for the Comprehensive Management of Disaster Risk and Financial Strategies for Natural Disaster Reconstruction, IADB, 2003.

  11. Preparing is Possible and Preferable • To develop frameworks for vulnerability reduction and natural disaster mitigation. • For Collaborative training and capacity building on disaster management • For Deployment of rapid response and assessment teams on request. • To build Institutional capacity for country specific and regional,education, academic and training institutions

  12. Disaster Risk Factors

  13. Local Disaster Index (LDI) • LDI represents • A country’s proneness to lower level or small scale disasters • Represents spatial variability and dispersion of risk in a country • Type of impact lower level or small scale disasters have on local development • Captures incidence and uniformity of distribution of local effects • Higher LDI = greater the regularity in the magnitude and distribution of effects between all the countries municipalities due to different types of hazards Source: Indicators of Disaster Risk and Risk Management, IADB-UNC/IDEA, 2005

  14. Aggregated LDI for the Depts. of Colombia, 1986-1990 Source: Indicators of Disaster Risk and Risk Management, IADB-UNC/IDEA, 2005

  15. Disasters and Complex Emergencies • Same Underlying Causes • Located in the same places • Entrance through the military portal is difficult and problematic • Entrance through the disaster portal is supported by all sides • Recognize that the problems come from all sides now and need to be treated as such

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