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Chapter VIII. America in the 1990s and the Early 21st Century. I. America in the 1990s. Military Attacks on Iraq and Yugoslavia A. Desert Storm a. Time : Jan. 17, 1991 for 6 weeks b. Reason : Iraqi invasion and annexation of Kuwait.
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Chapter VIII America in the 1990s and the Early 21st Century
I. America in the 1990s • Military Attacks on Iraq and Yugoslavia A. Desert Storm a. Time: Jan. 17, 1991 for 6 weeks b. Reason: Iraqi invasion and annexation of Kuwait. c. Real reason: western nations’ reliance on Mideast oil, the availability of which Saddam Hussein had threatened to curtail. d. Result: Iraq was forced to leave Kuwait and America proclaimed the victory of the birth of a “New World Order”
B. Respectively in 1993,1996 and 1998, the U.S attacked Iraq in various degrees. C. On March 24, 1999, U.S.-led NATO mounted an air strike on Yugoslavia. a. Reason: to keep peace in Kosovo and to help solve its political crisis, in fact, out of American political and strategic consideration. Yugoslavia is the sole barrier for NATO’s eastward expansion and it had friendly relation with Russia. b. Purpose: The U.S. tried to make NATO as a tool of its global expansion. c. Nature: an aggressive and unjust war, a violent trample on sovereignty of an independent country
2. Relation between the U.S. And China A. Chinese President Jiang Zemin’s official visit to America in Oct. 1997 was the first visit of Chinese top leaders since 1985. B. On June, 1998, President Bill Clinton visited China. C. On April 6 to 14, 1999, Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji visited the United States, which was the first time for Chinese primer since 1984. D. On April 10, 1999, a joint Communique was published about China’s entry to WTO.
E. The U.S.-led NATO bombed on Chinese Embassy in Belgrade on May 7, 1999. F. A report was conducted by a U.S. House Committee led by Republican Representative Christopher Cox fanning anti-China sentiment and claim China in the past decades had made a widespread effort to obtain U.S. military technology by any means.
3. A Boom of Economy A. In the 1990s, the American economy experienced the second longest period of growth in the nation’s history. B. Technological developments brought a wide range of sophisticated new electronic products. C. America’s labor force changed markedly during the 1990s. The number of farmers declined and a small portion of workers had jobs in industry.
II. America in the Early 21st Century • “9.11 Event” A. On Sep. 11, 2001, Islamist terrorists hijacked two passenger airplanes and flew them into the World Trade Center in NYC. Another hijacked plane struck and damaged the Defense Department headquarters near Washington, D.C., still another hijacked plane crashed near Shanksville, Pennsylvania. B. The Bush administration established the Department of Homeland Security for internal battle against terrorism, and the “9.11” commission.
2. The Afghan War, the Iraq War and the War against Terrorism A. The Afghan War a. Immediately after the “9.11 Event”, President Bush declared war on terrorism. b. The first target was Taliban in Afghan and terrorist group typified by Osama bin Laden and his Al Queda network. c. In Oct. 2001, Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF)--a multinational coalition military operation was initiated to counter terrorism and bring security to Afghanistan in collaboration with Afghan forces.
d. The U.S. and the coalition military forces led to the collapse of the Taliban regime and helped bring a measure of security and stability to Afghanistan for the first time in a generation. B. The Iraq War • The Iraq issue is the most troublesome. • The U.S. was bogged down deep in a quagmire. • U.S. troops in Iraq suffered ever-heavier casualties and losses. • The U.S. opened the detention facility as its naval base, used to hold terror suspects and Taliban members.
The prisoner abuse scandal sparked soaring anti-American sentiment and the swift, ruthless suppression by force gave rise to more potential dangers. b. To Iraqi people • They had more sufferings. • Terrorist incidents were carried on and has affected the whole world. c. Weak points of the U.S. • Inadequate military strength at the front • Deficient financial resources in the rear
d. Results • Iraq Study Group released its report on U.S. policy in Iraq. • On Dec. 30, 2006 the former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein was executed by hanging, which sparked a violent backlash from Saddam’s supporters and brought more severe turbulence. The situation was deteriorating.
e. Situation now • In March 2007, many protesters against the war in Iraq marched toward the Pentagon, carrying yellow and black signs reading “U.S. out of Iraq now”. • In July 2007, there was a bloodiest attack. • Now the U.S. has launched the wars against terrorism, but terrorism is not eliminated. On the contrary, it runs all the more wilder.
3. Economy A. Over the past decade, America has taken great steps towards new and exciting opportunities for economic growth. B. The Access to new markets is very important. C. Many successful trade agreement have been made which give a great promotion to the American international trade. D. American GDP sets a new record for the longest uninterrupted expansion of the U.S. labor market. E. The U.S. government makes great effort to a new global approach to climate change and energy security.
III. Social Problems • The major problem for the American economy was growth of a 2-tier economy, with some enjoying high income levels while others remained in poverty. • Many big issues such as health care, social security reform and gun control unresolved and debated all the time in the U.S.. • Violence seemed a part of life. • When America entered the new century, the situation got no better. • It is a more knotty problem for the U.S. to extricate itself from the dilemma in Iraq War.
Desert Storm Back
9.11 Event Back
The Iraq War Back
Report on U.S. policy in Iraq • It recommended the U.S. pull combat troops out of Iraq by 2008 and called for renews diplomacy to halt the Iraqi crisis. • The report warned that if the situation in Iraq continued to worsen, chaos would trigger the collapse of the Iraqi government and a humanitarian catastrophe. • It urged direct U.S. engagement with Syria and Iran that could help stabilize Iraq.
Bush Iraq violence Back
