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外贸单证实务 Documents for Foreign Trade Business

外贸单证实务 Documents for Foreign Trade Business. Office Phone:86051592 Mobile: 15265222776 QQ: 564652441. 第一章 Chapter 1 概述 Overview. 1.1 外贸单证工作的重要性 Importance of documentary processing 1.2 外贸单证工作的基本要求 Basic requirement for documentary clerk 1.3 外贸单证工作的改革与发展

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外贸单证实务 Documents for Foreign Trade Business

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  1. 外贸单证实务Documents for Foreign Trade Business Office Phone:86051592 Mobile: 15265222776 QQ: 564652441 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  2. 第一章 Chapter 1概述 Overview • 1.1 外贸单证工作的重要性 • Importance of documentary processing • 1.2 外贸单证工作的基本要求 • Basic requirement for documentary clerk • 1.3 外贸单证工作的改革与发展 • Reform and development of documentary processing • 1.4 外贸单证的流程 • Procedure for documentary processing International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  3. 1.1 外贸单证工作的重要性Importance of foreign trade documents • 1 顺利结汇 Foreign exchange settlement • 2 履行合同 Contract execution • 3 政策性强 Policy Sensitivity • 4 企业经济效益 Company profit International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  4. 1.2 外贸单证的基本要求:Basic requirements for foreign trade documents单单相符 Document-document Conformity单证相符 Document-certificate Conformity单货相符 Document-goods Conformity证同相符 Certificate-contract Conformity International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  5. 1.3 外贸单证的改革与发展 ICC: International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会 UCP500: Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits V.500 跟单信用证统一惯例与实务 SWIFT: Society of Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication 环球同业银行金融电讯协会 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  6. 外贸业务流程Procedure for foreign trade business International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  7. 1.4 外贸单证的流程(1)Procedure for foreign trade business • 1.客户询盘 Client Inquiry: 一般在客户下Purchase Order之前,都会有相关的Order Inquiry给业务部,做一些细节上的了解。 2.报价 Quotation: 业务部及时回复客人查询,确定货物品名,型号,生产厂家,数量,交货期,付款方式,包装规格及柜型等,Proforma Invoice给客户做正式报价。 3.得到订单 Order Placed: 经过洽谈,收到客户正式的订单Purchase Order。 4.下生产订单 Production Order Placed: 得到客人的订单确认后,给工厂下订单,安排生产计划。 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  8. 1.4 外贸单证的流程(2)Procedure for foreign trade • 5.业务审批 Business Review: 业务部收到订单后,首先做出业务审核表。按“出口合同审核表”的项目如实填写,尽可能将各种预计费用都列明。合同审批之后,制成销售订单,交给部门进程员跟进。 6.下达生产通知 Production Note: 业务部在确定交货期后,满足下列情况可下达生产通知, 通知工厂按时生产 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  9. 1.4 外贸单证的流程(3)Procedure for foreign trade • 6.1:审核信用证 LC Review. 如果是L/C付款的客户,通常是在交货期前1个月确认L/C已经收到,收到L/C后应业务员和单证员分别审查信用证,如有问题应立即请客人改证。 6.2:如果是T/T付款的客户,要确认定金已经到账。 6.3:如果是放帐客户,或通过银行D/A等方式收汇等,需经理确认。 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  10. 1.4 外贸单证的流程(4)Procedure for foreign trade • 7. 验货 Goods Inspection: 7.1:在交货期前一周,要通知公司验货员验货。 7.2:如果客人要自己或指定验货人员来验货的,要在交货期一周前,约客户查货并将查货日期告知计划部。 7.3:如果客人指定由第三方验货公司或公正行等验货的,要在交货期两周前与验货公司联系,预约验货时间,确保在交货期前安排好时间。确定后将验货时间通知工厂。 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  11. 1.4 外贸单证的流程(5)Procedure for foreign trade • 8.制备基本文件 Documents preparation。 工厂提供的装箱资料,制作出口合同,出口商业发票,装箱单等文件(应由业务跟单员制作,交给单证员)。 9.商检 Commodity Inspection: 如果是国家法定商检产品,在给工厂下订单时要说明商检要求,并提供出口合同,发票等商检所需资料。而且要告诉工厂将来产品的出口口岸,便于工厂办理商检。应在发货一周之前拿到商检换证凭单/条。 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  12. 1.4 外贸单证的流程(6)Procedure for foreign trade 10. 租船订仓 Shipping space booking: 如果跟客人签定的合同是FOB CHINA条款,通常客人会指定运输代理公司或船公司。应尽早与货代联系。应在交货期两周之前向货运公司发出书面定仓通知(BOOKING ORDER),通常在开船一周前可拿到定仓纸。 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  13. 1.4 外贸单证的流程(7)Procedure for foreign trade 11. 安排拖柜 Container Arrangement: 货物做好并验货通过后,委托拖车公司提柜,装柜。要给拖车公司传真以下资料:定仓确认书/放柜纸,船公司,定仓号,拖柜委托书,注明装柜时间,柜型及数量,装柜地址,报关行,及装船口岸等。 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  14. 1.4 外贸单证的流程(8)Procedure for foreign trade • 12.委托报关 Customs Declaration: 通常要给报关留出两天时间(船截关前)。委托报关时,应提供一份装柜资料,内容包括所装货物及数量,口岸,船公司,定仓号,柜号,船开截关时间,拖车公司,柜型及数量,本公司的联系人和电话等。 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  15. 1.4 外贸单证的流程(9)Procedure for foreign trade 13. 取得提单 Bill of Lading acquisition 及时支付运杂费,付款后通知船公司及时取得提单等运输文件。支付运费应做登记。 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  16. 1.4 外贸单证的流程(10)Procedure for foreign trade • 14. 准备结汇文件 Exchange Setlement Document Preparation14.1.商业发票 Comercial Invoice:L/C 要求提供的文件中,对商业发票要求最严格。如果发票需办理对方大使馆认证,一般要提前20天办理。 14.2.FORM A 原产地证书 Certificate of Origin: FORM A 原产地证要在发货之前到贸促会或检验检疫局申办。 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  17. 1.4 外贸单证的流程(11)Procedure for foreign trade • 14.3.一般原产地证 General Certiicate of Origin: 一般原产地证可在中国贸易促进会办理。 14.4.装运通知 Shipping Advice: 一般是要求在开船后几天之内,要通知客人发货的细节. 14.5.装箱单 Packing List: 装箱单应清楚地表明货物装箱情况。 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  18. 1.4 外贸单证的流程(12)Procedure for foreign trade • 15.交单 Documet Presentation: 15.1.采用L/C收汇的,应在规定的交单时间内,备齐全部单证,并严格审单,确保没有错误,才交银行议付。 15.2.采用T/T收汇的,在取得提单后马上传真提单给客人付款,确认受到余款后再将提单正本及其他文件寄给客人。 15.3.如果T/T收汇的,要求收全款才能做柜的,要等收款后再安排拖柜。拿到提单后可立即寄正本提单给客人。 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  19. 1.4 外贸单证的流程(13)Procedure for foreign trade 16 核销 Foreign Exchange Verification 17 退税 Tax Refund 业务结束 End of Business International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  20. 第二章 信用证Chapter 2 Letter of Credit 2.1 信用证概述 Overview of LC 2.2 信用证的审核与修改 Review and Amendment of LC International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  21. 2.1 信用证概述Overview of Letter of Credit 信用证(Letter of Credit,L/C) : 是一种由银行依照客户的要求和指示开立的有条件的承诺付款的书面文件。 Definition of L/C: A form of guarantee of payment issued by a bank used to guarantee the payment of interest and repayment of principal on bond issues. 信用证是目前国际贸易中最主要、最常用的支付方式。 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  22. 信用证样本1Sample 1 of LC International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  23. 信用证样2Sample 2 of LC International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  24. 信用证样3Sample 3 of LC International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  25. 信用证的主要当事人及其权利与义务Principles of LC and their right/obligation (1)开证申请人(applicant)义务:根据合同开证;向银行交付比例押金; 及时付款赎单权利:验、退赎单;验、退货(均以信用证为 依据) International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  26. 信用证的主要当事人及其权利与义务Principles of LC and their right/obligation (2)开证行(opening/issuing bank)义务:正确、及时开证;承担第一性付款责任权利:收取手续费和押金;拒绝受益人或议付行的不符单据;付款后如开证申请人无力付款赎单时可处理单、货;货不足款可向开证申请人追索余额。 (3)通知行(advising/notifying bank)。它只证明信用证的真实性,不承担其他义务。 转递行只负责照转。 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  27. 信用证的主要当事人及其权利与义务Principles of LC and their right/obligation (4)受益人(beneficiary)。 义务:备齐单据在规定时间向议付行交 单议付;对单据的正确性负责。 权利:收款前若开证申请人破产可停止 货物装运并自行处理。 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  28. 信用证的主要当事人及其权利与义务Principles of LC and their right/obligation (5)议付银行(negotiating bank)义务:严格审单;垫付或贴现跟单汇票; 背批信用证;权利:可议付也可不议付;议付后可处理 (货运)单据;议付后开证行倒闭或 借口拒付可向受益人追回垫款 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  29. 信用证的主要当事人及其权利与义务Principles of LC and their right/obligation (6)付款银行(paying/drawee bank)。 对符合信用证的单据向受益人付款的银行(可以是开证行,也可受其委托的另家银行)。 有权付款或不付款;一经付款无权向受益人或汇票善意持有人追索 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  30. 信用证的主要当事人及其权利与义务Principles of LC and their right/obligation (7) 保兑行(Confirming Bank) 独立对信用证负责,凭单付款;付款后只能向开证行索偿;若开证行拒付或倒闭,则无权向受益人和议付行追索。 (8) 承兑行(Accepting Bank) 对受益人提交的汇票进行承兑的银行,亦是付款行。 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  31. 信用证的主要当事人及其权利与义务Principles of LC and their right/obligation (9) 偿付行(Reimbursement Bank) 受开证行在信用证上的委托,代开证行向议付行或付款行清偿垫款的银行(又称清算行)。 只付款不审单;只管偿付不管退款;不偿付时开证行偿付。 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  32. 信用证方式的一般收付程序General Procedure for LC business (1)开证申请人根据合同填写开证申请书并交纳押金或提供其他保证,请开证行开证。 (2)开证行根据申请书内容,向受益人开出信用证并寄交出口人所在地通知行。 (3)通知行核对印鉴无误后,将信用证交受益人。 (4)受益人审核信用证内容与合同规定相符后,按信用证规定装运货物、备妥单据并开出汇票,在信用证有效期内,送议付行议付。 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  33. 信用证方式的一般收付程序General Procedure for LC business • (5)议付行按信用证条款审核单据无误后,把贷款垫付给受益人。 • (6)议付行将汇票和货运单据寄开证行或其特定的付款行索偿。 • (7)开证行核对单据无误后,付款给议付行。 • (8)开证行通知开证人付款赎单。 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  34. 信用证业务流程Business Procedure Chart for LC International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  35. 信用证主要内容Main Content of LC (1)对信用证本身的说明。如其种类、性质、有效期及到期地点。 (2)对货物的要求。根据合同进行描述。 (3)对运输的要求。 (4)对单据的要求,即货物单据、运输单据、保险单据及其它有关单证。 (5)特殊要求。 (6)开证行对受益人及汇票持有人保证付款的责任文句。 (7)国外来证大多数均加注:“除另有规定外,本证根据国际商会《跟单信用证统一惯例(1993年修订)》即国际商会500号出版物 (《ucp500》)办理。”(8)银行间电汇索偿条款(T/T reimbursement clause)。 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  36. SWIFT项下开立跟单信用证MT格式MT Format of Documentary LC under SWIFT International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  37. 信用证支付方式的特点Feature for the Payment Term of LC • 1.开证行承担第一性的、而且是独立的付款责任。2.信用证是一项自足文件 。信用证虽然是根据买卖合同开立的,但信用证一经开出,就成为独立于买卖合同以外的一项约定。3.信用证是一种单据买卖 ,各有关当事人处理的是单据,而不是货物、服务和/或其他行为。银行只负责单证、单单之间的表面相符。 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  38. 信用证的种类Classification of LC • (1)以信用证项下的汇票是否附有货运单据划分为:跟单信用证及光票信用证。 (2)以开证行所负的责任为标准可以分为: ①不可撤销信用证 Irrevocable LC②可撤销信用证 Revocable LC (3)以有无另一银行加以保证兑付,可以分为: ①保兑信用证Confirmed LC②不保兑信用证Unconfirmed LC International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  39. 信用证的种类Classification of LC • (4)根据付款时间不同,可以分为: ①即期信用证(SIGHT) • ②远期信用证 (Usance L/C ) (5)根据受益人对信用证的权利可否转让,可分为: ①可转让信用证(TRANSFERRABLE) ②不可转让信用证(Non-transferrable LC) International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  40. 信用证的种类Classification of LC • (6)循环信用证(REVOLVING) ①自动式循环 Full-automation ②非自动循环 Non-Automation ③半自动循环 Half-Automation International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  41. 防止信用证诈骗方法LC Fraud Precaution 跟单信用证诈骗的常见方式(1)“软条款”/“陷阱条款”诈骗 (2)伪造信用证修改书诈骗 (3)假客检证书诈骗 (4)伪造保兑信用证诈骗 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  42. 2.2 信用证的审核Review of LC (1)开证银行的政治背景和资金情况; (2)“不可撤销”的信用证; (3)信用证的金额。 (4)有效期、交单期和交货期。 (5) 转船和分批装运条款,必须与合同规定相符。 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  43. 第三章 结汇单证制作Chapter 3Processing of Documents for Exchange Settlement 3.1 外贸单证的分类 Classification 3.2 汇票 Bill of Exchange/ Draft 3.3 发票 Commercial Invoice 3.4 装箱单 Packing List 3.5 海运提单 Ocean Bill of Lading 3.6 保险单 Insurance Policy 3.7 产地证 Certificate of Origin 3.8 检验证书 Inspection Certificate 3.9 其他单据 Other Documents 3.10 结汇单据的审核 Review of Documents International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  44. 3.1 外贸单证的分类Classification for foreign trade documents 1、按交易双方涉及的单证划分为:进口单证和出口单证(1)进口单证——进口许可证、进口报关单、保险单、信用证(2)出口单证——出口许可证、出口报关单、包装单据、商业发票、保险票据、汇票等 2、单证的性质划分为:金融单据和商业单据(1)金融单据——汇票、支票、本票(2)商业单据——发票、运输单据 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  45. 3.1 外贸单证的分类Classification for foreign trade documents 3、按单证的用途划分为:(1)资金单据——汇票、支票、本票(2)商业单据——商业发票、形式发票、装箱单、重量单(3)货运单据——海运提单、不可转让海运单、租船合约提单、空运单、公路运输单据、铁路运输单据、内河运输单据、专递和邮政收据、报关单、报检单、托运单等(4)保险单据——保险单、预借单、保险证明、投保单(5)官方单据——海关发票、领事发票、产地证、检验检疫证(6)随附单据——寄单证明、寄样证明、装运通知、船舱证明 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  46. 3.1 外贸单证的分类Classification for foreign trade documents 4、根据业务环节划分为:托运单证、结汇单证、进口单证 在贸易实务中,出口方需要向进口方提供哪些单据,一般是按不同进口地区、不同商品、不同客户的要求而决定的,由进口方在信用证(46A)或合同条款中作具体规定 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  47. 3.2 汇票(DRAFT, BILL OF EXCHANGE) • 汇票(DRAFT/BILL OF EXCHANGE) • 是一人向另一人签发的无条件书面支付命令。要求该受票人立即或在一定时间或一个固定时期支付一定金额给某人或其指定人或来人的书面凭证。 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  48. 汇票样本Sample of draft International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  49. International Business Dept of Business Administration School

  50. 汇票的种类 (一)根据汇票由谁开出分为: 1. 银行汇票 banker’s bill 2. 商业汇票 commercial bill 前者多用于国内贸易,后者多用于国际贸易 International Business Dept of Business Administration School

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