AP Chapter 10

1. AP Chapter 10 The South and Slavery

2. Cotton and Expansion in The Old Southwest • The South was the ideal place to grow cotton • Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin made growing cotton very profitable • After the War of 1812 Alabama and Mississippi became ideal places for growing cotton • Industrial Rev. made spinning and weaving of cotton easier and the demand for cotton grew

4. Slave Society in a Changing World • 1808 importation of slaves became illegal • Demand for cotton led to a higher demand for slave labor in the South • King Cotton was supreme in the south and southerners relied on the slave labor • South lagged behind the north in industrialization so cotton was their main source or revenue

7. Slave states were losing their political dominance b/c their population was not keeping up with the North's • More than half of the slave owners owned more than 5 slaves but 75% of the slaves lived in groups of ten or more • Internal Slave Trade- owners sold the slaves to the people in the Old Southwest • Owners sold slaves and separated families only for profits

9. Most slaves were sold in their teens and separated from their families • Slaves were inspected at auctions and buyers seldom cared about keeping families together • 75% of all slaves were field workers and worked from “can see to can’t see” • When they were to old to work they took on other tasks like taking care of the children

10. House Servants- provided all of the services necessary to maintain the home but were the 1st to flee • Some slaves were artisans, weavers, seamstress, carpenters and blacksmiths • Slaves were property who were bought, sold, worked but never abused (according to the owner) • Slave population grew from a high fertility rate

11. Slaves were often in poor health and average life expectancy in 1850 was 30-33 • Most southern states it was against the law to teach the slaves how to read and marriage was illegal • Owners encouraged marriage (to keep them calm) and kids (to sell them off) • 1 in 5 marriages ended and 1 in 3 kids were sold off

12. African American Religion • African Americans were deeply religious and it was a form of unity among them and a method of expressing their feelings • 2nd Great Awakening- religious revival among slaves and southerners in the 1790s • Religion gave slaves a method of survival

13. Revolt, Resistance and Freedom • Harriet Tubman freed 60-70 slaves along the Underground Railroad • Nat Turner Revolt- preacher and a slave led a revolt in 1831 killing 55 whites • Turner was later captured and executed • Gabriel’s Rebellion- failed revolt in Virginia

14. Harriet Tubman

16. Black Codes were passed throughout the South to restrict the rights of free black people • Blacks were often falsely accused of crimes • Many poor southern whites were tenant farmers • Yeoman- small independent farmers of the South • Communities would often come together to do large tasks

18. Small Slave Owners • Largest group of slave owners were small yeoman farmers • Slave owning elite made up 2.5% of the population and had political control • Treatment of slaves varied from owner to owner • Beatings, rape, whippings were all common

19. Defense of Slavery • Defenders of slavery felt it was a Constitutional right • Denmark Vesey’s Conspiracy- attempt to seize Charleston and escape to Haiti but was betrayed by fellow slaves • South began to close ranks in defense of slavery after Nat Turner’s Revolt

20. Northerner William Lloyd Garrison wrote the Liberator which became the leading antislavery newspaper • Many southerners disliked anyone that attacked slavery • Few owned slaves in the South but it was a way of life for them

21. William Lloyd Garrison

22. Conclusion • Cotton Gin and the rise in demand for cotton led to the continuation of slavery in the South • Slavery was a way of life in the South • African Americans used religion as a source of unity and an escape from the brutality of daily life