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Inorganic Nomenclature

Inorganic Nomenclature. Ions. atoms or groups of atoms that have gained or lost electrons. cation -- positive ion anion -- negative ion. Ionic Compounds.

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Inorganic Nomenclature

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  1. Inorganic Nomenclature

  2. Ions • atoms or groups of atoms that have gained or lost electrons. • cation -- positive ion • anion -- negative ion

  3. Ionic Compounds • Neutral compounds which are formed when anions and cations come together in ratios that balance the positive and negative charges. (Form formula units)

  4. Formula Unit • The smallest representative unit of an ionic compound.

  5. Common monatomic ions • H+ • Li+ Be+2 N-3 O-2 F- • Na+ Mg+2 Al+3 P-3 S-2 Cl- • K+ Ca+2 Zn+2 As-3 Se-2 Br- • Rb+ Sr+2 Ag+ Cd+2 Te-2 I- • Cs+ Ra+2

  6. Cation names = element name • Na+ sodium ion • Ca2+ calcium ion • Co3+ cobalt(III) ion • Co2+ cobalt(II) ion • for transition metals or other metals with variable oxidation states use roman numerals to designate charge.

  7. Latin names for cations • Copper(I) = cuprous = Cu+ • Copper(II) = cupric = Cu+2 • Iron(II) = ferrous = Fe+2 • Iron(III) = ferric Fe+3 • Tin(II) = stannous = Sn+2 • Tin(IV) = stannic = Sn+4

  8. Anion names = elementide ion • N3- nitrogen  nitride ion • O2- oxygen  oxide ion • S2- sulfur  sulfide ion • Cl- chlorine  chloride ion

  9. Compound formation • Ions will combine in such a way as to neutralize charges

  10. calcium + bromine •  Ca+2 + Br- •  CaBr2 • calcium bromide

  11. silver + oxygen •  Ag+ + O-2 •  Ag2O • silver oxide

  12. potassium + chlorine •  K+ + Cl- •  KCl • potassium chloride

  13. aluminum + oxygen •  Al+3 + O-2 •  Al2O3 • aluminum oxide

  14. Chromium(II)chloride Cadmium nitride Potassium bromide Cuprous sulfide Silver oxide CrCl2 Cd3N2 KBr Cu2S Ag2O Name to Formula

  15. Na3N FeCl3 Ca3P2 CdO LiI sodium nitride iron(III) chloride calcium phosphide cadmium oxide lithium iodide Formula to Name

  16. Binary covalent compounds • mono 1 hexa 6 • di 2 hepta 7 • tri 3 octa 8 • tetra 4 nona 9 • penta 5 deca 10

  17. CO2 CO NO SO2 PCl5 Br3O8 N2O Sb2S5 carbon dioxide carbon monoxide nitrogen monoxide sulfur dioxide phosphorous pentachloride tribromine octaoxide dinitrogen oxide diantimony pentasulfide

  18. Ternary “ate” anions • Ions inside Mississippi • contain 4 oxygen atoms. • Ions outside Mississippi • contain 3 oxygen atoms • look at charge trends

  19. Ca(ClO3)2 Na2SO4 Mg3(PO4)2 Al(BrO3)3 calcium chlorate sodium sulfate magnesium phosphate aluminum bromate Formula to name

  20. lithium selenate potassium iodate aluminum carbonate calcium borate cuprous sulfate Li2SeO4 KIO3 Al2(CO3)3 Ca3(BO3)2 Cu2SO4 Name to formula

  21. Ternary “ite” ions • “Ite” ions = “ate” ions less 1 oxygen • all else remains the same

  22. “Hypo--ites” and “per--ates” • Hypo -- ite = ite - 1 oxygen • Per -- ate = ate + 1 oxygen • perchlorate ClO4-1 • chlorate ClO3-1 • chlorite ClO2-1 • hypochlorite ClO-1

  23. K3PO3 Mg3(BO3)2 Al(ClO2)3 Fe(IO3)3 potassium phosphite magnesium borate aluminum chlorite ferric iodate or iron(III) iodate Formula to name

  24. Strontium sulfite Beryllium carbonate Aluminum oxide Lithium nitrite Chromium(III)sulfate SrSO3 BeCO3 Al2O3 LiNO2 Cr2(SO4)3 Name to formula

  25. Ions to memorize • ammonium NH4+1 • acetate C2H3O2-1 • hydroxide OH-1 • cyanide CN-1 • permanganate MnO4-1

  26. NaBrO Cr(OH)2 (NH4)2SO3 LiIO4 Mg(ClO3)2 sodium hypobromite chromium(II) hydroxide ammonium sulfite lithium periodate magnesium chlorate Formula to name

  27. Ferric perbromate calcium permanganate ammonium cyanide cobalt(II)hypochlorite Fe(BrO4)3 Ca(MnO4)2 NH4CN Co(ClO)2 Name to formula

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