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Petroleum and Natural Gas

Petroleum and Natural Gas. By: Shannon Donovan, Stephanie Pett, Hannah Pedone, and Emily Clarke. Fossil Fuels. Fuel : is any substance that produces energy when it is burned Fossils : the remains of once- living organisms

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Petroleum and Natural Gas

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  1. Petroleum and Natural Gas By: Shannon Donovan, Stephanie Pett, Hannah Pedone, and Emily Clarke

  2. Fossil Fuels • Fuel: is any substance that produces energy when it is burned • Fossils: the remains of once- living organisms • The process by which living organisms become fossil fuels takes millions of years • Fossil fuels are nonrenewable energy sources • coal, oil, or natural gas

  3. Petroleum and natural gas • They are fossil fuels that are nonrenewable and formed from decaying remains of organisms • Oil and natural gas are often found in the same deposit • About 99.9 % of all the oil and natural gas that ever formed continued to move upward to the earth’s surface where it escaped into the air

  4. The supply of natural gas • The former Soviet Union contains about 40% of the world’s natural gas reserves • The united states contains approximately 6% of the world’s reserves • Worldwide there is much natural gas that has been undiscovered

  5. Forming petroleum and natural gas • Take millions of years to form like other fossil fuels • Petroleum and natural gas are formed from tiny microscopic organisms that accumulated at the bottom of the ocean floor • The micro organisms decompose and are covered in clay sediments

  6. Forming petroleum and natural gas • Heat and pressure increase on the micro organisms under the layers of accumulating materials • This heat and pressure changed the clay sediments to shale rock

  7. Collecting petroleum and natural gas • Step 1: A well is drilled nearly two miles down, then curves at the bottom into a Bakken formation meaning an oil rich formation • Step 2: cement and steel casings to guard against seepage from the pipe in ground water • Step 3: fluid is pumped under high pressure down the well and into the rock to end the pipe, fracturing the rock in stages to release the oil

  8. Technology • Absorbents: materials that soak up oil (pillows full of chicken feathers) • Skimmers: high speed boats that soak up oil • Lasers: used to ignite oil when spilled in the ocean • Floatingbarriers: used to surround oil that has contaminated the ocean

  9. Technology • Detergent: sprayed on the oil spilled in the ocean to control it • Bacteria: they break down the hydrocarbons in the oil into harmless substances ex. Fertilizers are spread for growth of bacteria • Genetic engineering: to create more effective bacteria

  10. Uses of Petroleum and Natural Gas • After world war II more developed countries began using natural gas and oil • Crude oil: the original form of petroleum before it is separated and refined to be used • It is separated and refined before used for gasoline, jet fuel, and diesel which powers most vehicles • Heating- 80% of natural gas is used for indoor heating

  11. Advantages • Cost efficient fuel for vehicles • Natural Gas burns cleanly and doesn’t leave behind ash • It is a cost efficient way to heat your homes

  12. Disadvantages • Air pollutants, Acid precipitation, Greenhouse effect • harmful substances caused by natural gas and petroleum harmful to living things • the gases in the earths atmosphere are trapped and heat is radiated, acid is created from pollution and is mixed with rain water • Oil spills

  13. Terms • Fuels: is any substance that produces energy when it is burned • Hydrocarbons: compounds that consist of only hydrogen and carbon • Fossils: the remains of once- living organisms • Petroleum: another word for oil • Crude oil: the original form of petroleum before it is separated and refined to be used

  14. Terms • Air pollutants: harmful substances in the air caused by fossil fuels such as natural gas and petroleum; harmful to living things • Greenhouse effect: occurs when the gases in the earths atmosphere are trapped and heat is radiated • Acid precipitation: an acid found in rain due to pollution; it is as harmful as lemon juice but can erode rocks

  15. Terms • Absorbents: materials that soak up oil (pillows full of chicken feathers) • Skimmers: high speed boats that soak up oil • Petrochemicals: useful substances made from oil and natural gas • Combustion: the process of combining oxygen with another element

  16. THE END

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