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Psoroptes communis ( 痒螨 )

Psoroptes communis ( 痒螨 ). Presenter: 王燕 Members ： 程家玲，蒋皓敏，刘静，宋子嫦 From Class 3. Introduction

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Psoroptes communis ( 痒螨 )

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  1. Psoroptes communis(痒螨) • Presenter:王燕 • Members： 程家玲，蒋皓敏，刘静，宋子嫦 From Class 3

  2. Introduction Species of the genus Psoroptes (痒螨属)(Acari:Psoroptedae) are astigmatid,obligatory ectoparasites that cause various forms of psoroptic mange in mammalian host including sheep,cattle,Goats,hoses and rabbits . One of the primary distinguishing features of the genus is the Presence of relatively long,jointes pretarsi.

  3. Introduction: The most well known and clinically important occurrence of this mite is on sheep ,and the causative agent was described and first given the name Sarcoptes ovis by Hering in 1838,but later assigned to the genus Psoroptes .Following the initial description from sheep ,as many as nine species of Psoroptes mite were proposed,each distinguished from the others mainly by the different mamalian hosts they infest.However,because of the morphological similarity between mites found on different host species ,a number of early authors believed that populations on different hosts belonged to a single species synonomised initially as Dematokoptes communis by Furstenberg in 1861 and subsequently as Psoroptes communis.Host-derived populations were referred th as P.communis with varietal names such as ovis of bovis appended,depending on the host species from which they were obtained.(Raillet,1893;Stockman&Berry,1913;Shilston,1915)

  4. Morphology

  5. Morphology: Distinguish beween male and female The male tritonymph（三期若虫） is singigicantly larger than the protonymph （一期若虫）and has five pairs of metapodosomal setae（刚毛） rather than three.In addition ,male tritonymphs have two pairs of cuticular pits on the central metapodosoma（后足体） rather than the single pair of the protonymph .The female protonymph can be distinguished from the male nymphal stages and the female tritonymph.

  6. Morphology of larval stage

  7. protonymph of Psoroptes(Male)

  8. protonymph of Psoroptes(female)

  9. Distinguish beween male and female • Both female nymphal stages possess dorsoposterior tubercles（结核结节） ,but the potonymph is significantly smaller than the tritonymph .In addition,the protonymph possesses three pairs of metapodosomal setae rather than five,one pair of cuticular pits rather than two ,and a pulvillus on leg IV which is the absent in the female tritonymph.The presence of dorsoposterior tubercles enables the female nymphs the be distinguished easily from the males.By contrast,distinguishing between the nymphal stages of the same sex relies on the identification of both the number of metapodosomal setae （刚毛）and cuticular pits .These descriptions are used to produce a key,which allows the various stages of both sexes to be distingushed.

  10. tritonymph of Psoroptes

  11. adult of Psoroptes

  12. Lesions（病变） • Intense itch • Inflammation and thickening and trichomadesis of skin • Emaciation

  13. The female lays about 90 eggs during her lifetime of 4-6 weeks,and development from the egg,through the larval and nymphal stages to mature adult,takes about ten days.the greater pathogenicity of this mite is attributable to the fact that unlike most non-burrowing mites,it has piercing and chewing mouthparts which can severely damage the skin. Life cycle

  14. symptoms 1、intense itch(剧痒） The most common signs are scratching of the ears,whining（哀鸣), rubbing(磨蹭） of the face, scars behind the ears from scratching, shaking of the head 2、Inflammation and thickening and trichomadesis of skin(皮肤发炎、增厚和患部脱毛） Reddish-brown to black discharge (crusts 痂皮and cerumen) in the ears that resemble coffee grounds沉积物 Bleeding from the ear Odour（臭气） 3、Emaciation(消瘦)由于发痒病蓄终日烦躁不安影响采食和休息

  15. Diagnosed Diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms as described above.初步诊断 Final diagnosis : 1、direct examination of the ears with a magnifying glass.

  16. Diagnosed 2、microscopic examination of the ear discharge • Superficial scraping it is used to collect scale or crust（痂皮） for the detection of the parasites that normally inhabit the stratum corneum(角质层）。 • Deep scraping this technique is used to demonstrate follicular mites It is also important to scrape the skin until true capillary bleeding is elicited. The obtained material was placed on a microscope slide（载玻片）, covered with a coverslips（盖玻片）, and examined under a microscopy .

  17. Epidemiology • Psoroptes communis is a widespread（世界性分布） endoparasites (外寄生虫）. • Animals can be infected by direct contact(直接接触） or indirect contact with a infected host. • Definite host:a variety of animals, including swine ,cattle ,goat ,horse , poultry ,cats and dogs ,etc.

  18. Treatment • Clean the dirt（污垢） and crusta (痂皮）with warm soup water first. • 大环内酯类杀虫剂(Macrolides insecticide)。如用伊维菌素(Ivermectin)或多拉菌素(Doramectin)进行皮下或肌肉注射。 • 甲脒杀虫剂类（Formamidine insecticide）。如用双甲脒(Amitraz) 进行药浴或涂擦。 • 有机磷类杀虫剂（Organophosphorus insecticide）。如敌百虫(Dipterex)、巴胺磷(Propetamphos)、地亚农(Diazinon)等进行药浴，涂擦或喷洒环境。 • 拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂（Pyrethroid insectide）。如溴氰菊酯(Deltamethrin)、戊酸氰菊酯等药浴或涂擦。 • 伊维菌素（Ivermectin).

  19. Prevention • Improvement of management ,especially keep the site dry and aired. • Kill the acarus(螨虫）of the environment by spraying the acaricide (杀螨剂）periodically（定期）. • Don’t let the healthy animals contact with the carrying or infected animals directly.

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