Hazardous Materials Operations N.F.P.A. 472 – 2008 Chapters 6 “Mission Specific”

Hazardous Materials Operations N.F.P.A. 472 – 2008 Chapters 6 “Mission Specific” January 01, 2010

Objective After Completing this Course, the Student will Demonstrate a Knowledge of Hazardous Materials Practices and Procedures in Accordance with N.F.P.A. 472-2008 Operational Mission Specific “Technical Decontamination” with 70% Accuracy on a Written Exam Hazardous Materials Operations N.F.P.A. 472 – 2008 Chapters 6 “Mission Specific”

Module 3Mission-SpecificResponsibilitiesTechnical Decontamination NFPA 6.4

Definition (NFPA) 472-2008 Technical Decontamination The planned and systematic process of reducing contamination to a level that is as low as reasonably achievable. (ALARA) NFPA 3.3.17.4

Definition (NFPA) 472-2008 Emergency Decontamination The physical process of immediately reducing contamination of individuals in potentially life-threatening situations with or without the formal establishment of a decontamination corridor. NFPA 3.3.17.1

Definition (NFPA) 472-2008 Gross Decontamination The phase of the decontamination process during which the amount of surface contaminants is significantly reduced. NFPA 3.3.17.2

Technical Decontamination • Introduction • Operations Level • Assigned to perform; Technical Decon • Competent to Implement: • Technical Decontamination NFPA 6.4.1.1.1 / 6.4.1.1.2 / 6.4.1.1.3 / 6.4.1.1.4

Important Note • Some information may be taken from Chapter 7: Hazardous Materials Technician • Operations Level may be asked to perform at this level but Do Not Replace HMT. • Direct Guidance:Working under control of an HMT continually being assessed / feedback NFPA 6.4.1.1.3

Technical Decontamination • Written Guidance: • Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) • Standard Operating Guidance (SOGs) • “Rules of Engagement” at Operations Level • Task expected of Operations Level Responders • Task beyond the capability of Operations Level Responders • Required PPE and equipment to perform these expected task • Procedures for ensuring coordination within the local ICS NFPA 6.4.1.1.3

Goal • The goal of the competencies in this section shall be to provide the operations level responder assigned to perform technical decontamination at hazardous materials / WMD incidents with the knowledge and skills to perform the task in 6.4.1.2.2 safely and effectively. NFPA 6.4.1.2.1

Technical Decontamination When responding to hazardous materials / WMD incidents, the operations level responder assigned to perform technical decontamination shall be able to perform the following tasks: NFPA 6.4.1.2.2

Goal • Analyze • Plan • Implement • Evaluate • Terminate NFPA 6.4.1.2.2

Technical Decontamination Plan a response within the capabilities of available personnel, personal protective equipment, and control equipment by selecting a technical decontamination process to minimize the hazard. Process should be directed towards Confinement to Hot Zone and Decontamination Corridor Vital Component of Pre-Incident Planning and the Hazard and Risk Evaluation Process Types of Technical Decontamination Methods will be described in 6.4.3.2(2) NFPA 6.4.1.2.2(1)

Technical Decontamination NO ENTRY Until decontamination Method Determined and Established … Except ! Where a Rescue Might Be Possible and Emergency Decontamination is Established Decontamination Requires an Organized and Well-Ordered Procedure This Requires a PLAN NFPA 6.4.1.2.2(1)

Technical Decontamination • Decontamination Plan Should Address: • Site Layout • Decontamination Method / Equipment Needed • Number of Personnel Required • Level of P.P.E. and Equipment • Disposal Methods • Runoff Control • Emergency Medical Requirements • Collecting / Disposal – Contaminated Clothing NFPA 6.4.1.2.2(1)

Technical Decontamination Implement the planned response to favorably change the outcomes consistent with standard operating procedures and the site safety and control plan by completing the following tasks: Should be Identified in the L.E.R.P. and covered by SOP or SOG Pre-made Forms should be readily available and maintained as integral components of overall I.A.P. documentation. NFPA 6.4.1.2.2(2)(a) & (b)

Technical Decontamination Implement the planned response to favorably change the outcomes consistent with standard operating procedures and the site safety and control plan by completing the following tasks: Perform the technical decontamination duties as assigned. Perform the technical decontamination functions identified in the incident action plan. NFPA 6.4.1.2.2(2)(a) & (b)

Technical Decontamination Perform the technical decontamination duties as assigned. The Decontamination Team Leader is responsible to the Operation Officer The team leader supervises and controls all phases of the Contamination Reduction Zone (CRZ). NFPA 6.4.1.2.2(2)(a)

Technical Decontamination Perform the technical decontamination duties as assigned. The Decontamination Team Member is responsible for appropriate decontamination procedures as assigned to them with in the Contamination Reduction Corridor. The duties may vary to fill specific positions within the Decontamination Corridor NFPA 6.4.1.2.2(2)(a)

Technical Decontamination Perform the technical decontamination functions identified in the incident action plan. Depends on Specific Decontamination System chosen by the Authority Having Jurisdiction and the implementation requirements. NFPA 6.4.1.2.2(2)(b)

Technical Decontamination Evaluate the progress of the planned response by evaluating the effectiveness of the technical decontamination process. How do you know if it’s working? NFPA 6.4.1.2.2(3)

Mass Decontamination Evaluating Decon Effectiveness LERP / SOPs / SOGs Must have a procedure to test victims after the Decontamination process to ensure all contaminates are removed and victims safe to be medically treated and transported. ie. Metering, Test Strips NFPA 6.4.1.2.2(3)

Technical Decontamination • Terminate the incident by completing the providing reports and documentation of decontamination operations. • There should be a transcript to document all activities of the Decontamination for a multitude of reasons. • 1.Health Issues of Responders in the Future • 2. Legal proceedings in the Future • 3. Training Purposes for Future Responses • 4. Monetary Reimbursement • a) Personnel Cost • b) Logistical Support Cost • c) Equipment Used / Disposed Of NFPA 6.4.1.2.2(4)

Technical Decontamination Reporting and Documentation LERP / SOPs / SOGs NIMS Requirements OSHA Requirements NFIRS Requirements NFPA 6.3.1.2.2(4)

Technical Decontamination Reporting and Documentation Decontamination Specific Names of Victims Substance that was released / Decon Level of protection by responders (Decon / Victims) Actions taken to limit exposure Decon Personnel Detailed description of Decon procedures Evidence collected Observations made NFPA 6.3.1.2.2(4)

Mission-Specific Responsibilities Technical DecontaminationPlanning the Response NFPA 6.4.3

Technical Decontamination Selecting Personal Protective Equipment Given an emergency response plan or standard operating procedures, the operations level responder assigned to technical decontamination operations shall select the personal protective equipment required to support technical decontamination at hazardous materials / WMD incidents based on local procedures. (see Section 6.2) NFPA 6.4.3.1

Technical Decontamination Selecting Decontamination Procedures Given scenarios involving hazardous materials / WMD incidents, the operations level responder assigned to technical decontamination operations shall select a technical decontamination procedure that will minimize the hazard and spread of contamination and determine the equipment required to implement that procedure and shall meet the following requirements: NFPA 6.4.3.2

Technical Decontamination • What Steps Need to Be Accomplished ? • Tool Drop: To be used again or until “Tool Decontamination or Disposal” • Gross Decontamination: • Technical Decontamination • Removal of Outer P.P.E. • Removal of Personal Clothing • Proceed to Personal Decontamination Shower, Medical Monitoring and Rehabilitation NFPA 6.4.3.2

Technical Decontamination Identify the advantages and limitations of technical decontamination operations. Advantage: More In Depth and Thorough Cleaning Considered Safer for First Responders Limitations: More Detailed / Takes Longer to Set Up More Time Consuming per Victim Potential for Uncontrollable / Panic Stricken Mob Usually Performed Outside – Weather Impact NFPA 6.4

Technical Decontamination Selecting Decontamination Procedures Describe the advantages and limitations of each of the following technical decontamination methods: Absorption Adsorption Chemical Degradation Dilution Disinfection Evaporation Isolation and Disposal Neutralization Solidification Sterilization Vacuuming Washing NFPA 6.4.3.2(2)

Technical Decontamination • Selecting Decontamination Procedures • Absorption: • Picking up liquid contaminants with absorbents • Advantage: • Inexpensive and readily available • Limitations: • Does not alter the hazardous material • Have limited use on protective clothing and vertical surfaces • Disposal of absorbents may be a problem NFPA 6.4.3.2(2)(a)

Technical Decontamination • Selecting Decontamination Procedures • Adsorption: • Process in which a hazardous liquid interacts with (or is bound to) the surface of a sorbent material • Advantage: • Quick controlling with immediate contact • Limitations: • Chemical retains it chemical and physical properties • Process may generate heat NFPA 6.4.3.2(2)(a)

Technical Decontamination • Selecting Decontamination Procedures • Chemical Degradation: • Using another material to change the chemical • structure of a hazardous material • Commonly used materials • Household bleach • Isopropyl alcohol • Hydrated lime • Household drain cleaner • Baking soda • Liquid detergents NFPA 6.4.3.2(2)(c)

Technical Decontamination • Selecting Decontamination Procedures • Chemical Degradation: • Advantage: • Can reduce cleanup costs and the risk • posed to the first responder • Limitations: • Takes time to determine the right chemical • to use and set up the process • Can be harmful to first responders if the • process creates heat and toxic vapors NFPA 6.4.3.2(2)(c)

Technical Decontamination Selecting Decontamination Procedures Dilution: Using water to flush contaminants from contaminated victims or objects and diluting water-soluble hazardous materials to safe levels NFPA 6.4.3.2(2)(d)

Technical Decontamination • Selecting Decontamination Procedures • Dilution: • Advantage: • The accessibility, speed, and economy • of using Water • Limitations: • Water may cause a reaction and create • even more serious problems. • Runoff water from the process is still • contaminated and must be confined and • then disposed of properly. NFPA 6.4.3.2(2)(d)

Technical Decontamination Selecting Decontamination Procedures Disinfection: Sanitization, Disinfection Processes that render etiological contaminants harmless Kills most of the microorganisms present using a variety of chemical or antiseptic products NFPA 6.4.3.2(2)(e)

Technical Decontamination • Selecting Decontamination Procedures • Sanitization, Disinfection • Sanitization • Reduces the number of microorganisms present to a safe level (Such as washing hands with soap and water) Disinfection • Kills most of the microorganisms present NFPA 6.4.3.2(2)(d)

Technical Decontamination Selecting Decontamination Procedures Evaporation: Can be accomplished by simply waiting long enough for hazardous materials to evaporate Not a technique used during emergency operations, however can be used on tools and equipment when exposure time is not a safety issue NFPA 6.4.3.2(2)(f)

Technical Decontamination Selecting Decontamination Procedures Isolation and Disposal: Isolating the contaminated items by collecting them in some fashion and then disposing of them in accordance with applicable regulations and laws Not all tools and equipment can be decontaminated and must be disposed of correctly. Disposal may be cheaper and easier than the decontamination. However disposal can be very costly as well NFPA 6.4.3.2(2)(g)

Technical Decontamination Selecting Decontamination Procedures Neutralization: Changing the pH of a corrosive; Raising or Lowering it towards 7 (neutral) on the pH scale Correct measurements of Neutralizing agent must be accomplished prior to mass application due to possible chemical reaction in accomplishing task Should NOT be used on Personnel NFPA 6.4.3.2(2)(h)

Technical Decontamination Selecting Decontamination Procedures Solidification: Process that takes a hazardous liquid and treats it chemically so that it turns into a solid. This process makes the product easier to handle but does not change the inherent chemical properties of the substance. Most are “Cement Based” and are used on Spills NFPA 6.4.3.2(2)(i)

Technical Decontamination Selecting Decontamination Procedures Sterilization: Processes that render etiological contaminants harmless Kills all microorganisms present, with chemicals, steam, heat, or radiation NFPA 6.4.3.2(2)(j)

Technical Decontamination Selecting Decontamination Procedures Vacuuming: Process using high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter vacuum cleaners to vacuum solid materials such as fibers, dusts, powders, and particulates from surfaces. Do Not Use regular vacuums do to lack of proper filter .. Not fine enough to catch all materials NFPA 6.4.3.2(2)(k)

Technical Decontamination Selecting Decontamination Procedures Washing: Process similar to dilution, but also involves using prepared solutions such as solvents, soap and / or detergents mixed with water in order to make the contaminant more water-soluble before rinsing with plain water Responders need to watch water run-off to ensure Proper containment and disposal NFPA 6.4.3.2(2)(l)

Technical Decontamination Selecting Decontamination Procedures Identify sources of information for determining the correct technical decontamination procedure and identify how to access those resources in a hazardous materials / WMD incident. Manufacturer is Best Resource CHEMTREC / CANUTEC / SETIQ Resource Books / Manuals Electronic Databases National and Local Poison Control Centers NFPA 6.4.3.2(3)

Technical Decontamination Selecting Decontamination Procedures Given resources provided by the AHJ, identify the supplies and equipment required to set up and implement technical decontamination operations. It should be noted that not all Decontamination Procedures will be the same. Dry versus Wet have different Requirements Technical Decon may vary based on the Chemical The following is a sample of a basic Wet System NFPA 6.4.3.2(4)

NFPA 6.4.3.2(4)

Technical Decontamination NFPA 6.4.3.2(4)

Hazardous Materials Operations N.F.P.A. 472 – 2008 Chapters 6 “Mission Specific”