LAN: Beta-testing, Energy management, Gold and metals recovery from electronic waste (RAEE)

1. Project Overview ADDRESS INFORMATICS Learning Areas Levels 16 years to 18 years Objectives Designing computer networks, beta-testing O.P. Energy management, Recovery of gold and other elements from electronic waste (RAEE) Description In the planning of Nets LAN a first phase of chosen exists and Beta-Testing of Operating Sistema Server and Client, moreover the S.O must be in a position to optimizing the Energetic Management. Account of the future costs of digestion must inotre be held that can be reduced recovering gold and the other present metals in the computers. Applications Tags Windows 7 – Windows Server 2008 R2 collaboration students, teaching commitment, innovation, energy management, gold recover LAN: Beta-testing, Energy management, Gold and metals recovery from electronic waste (RAEE)

2. Introduction A few years ago in the design of computer networks in the client and server report pointed to the maximum power / performance / lower cost without taking into account energy consumption and environmental impact. Due to a rapid technological development the different computers have become obsolete in a short time, with a decrease in their average life. At the same time, rising fuel costs, has meant that currently in the design phase must take into account two new problems: • energy management • environmental impact and the resulting higher costs of disposing of computers.

3. Energy management In a world where the word savings has become increasingly common, even operating systems need to do their part. Proceed to the first phase of the choice of operating system using the Beta-Testing. During the beta testing has been used the game of checkers. Generating billions of combinations of moves, the algorithm lady has put a strain on the exchange of data between the CPU and RAM. The operating system Windows 7 Beta worked perfectly without giving problems. Another program used was the algorithm of the Mandelbrot set, also used for the billions of calculations. Even in this case the OS has passed several tests with no problems. The new Microsoft operating system are for the environment. They have an advanced power management. When the OS was designed Windows XP a barrel of oil cost $ 20, now costs about $ 92, we have realized the world's energy problems, resources are not unlimited, operating systems have been completely redesigned, New Versions of Windows 7 have advanced power management and shut down unused hardware modules increase battery life in the case of laptops, in the case of Windows Server Operating Systems Company have a 18% reduction in consumption by switching off the CPU and hard disk, and are able to remotely shut down once the paperwork, terminals left powered employees distracted.

4. Beta-Testing Windows 7 During the design of LANs and the choice of operating system has participated in the Beta-Testing the OS has started from the Windows 7 client OS. To "test" the two programs were chosen OS in particular the game of Checkers 8x8, which generates billions of combinations of moves to put to the test during the beta-testing the OS, the CPU and RAM. It was subsequently developed a prototype robot that performs moves in Checkers. "A robot That Often plays Checkers is a step forward, if you use Windows 7" This was the winning phrase that has enabled him to win the prize "Digital Class 2010" in Italy. The second program used in beta-testing has been to calculate the mathematical set of Mandelbrot that generates billions of calculations, too, are interesting and pleasing images taken.

5. Beta-Testing Windows 7 “A robot That Often plays Checkers is a step forward, if you use Windows 7" This was the winning phrase that has enabled him to win the prize "Digital Class 2010" in Italy. The day September 23, 2010, in the presence of the Minister Dr. Mariastella Gelmini and Dr.Pietro Scott Jovane CEO of Microsoft Italy, was held the awarding ceremony of prof. Roberto Manca and Student Marco Frau.

6. Beta-Testing Windows 7 The second program used in beta-testing has been to calculate the mathematical set of Mandelbrot that generates billions of calculations, too, are interesting and pleasing images taken.

7. Power Management • In a world where the word savings has become increasingly common, even operating systems need to do their part. The software designers had to redesign the operating system (so) I know the new Windows 7 has an advanced power management, saving compared to know the previous generation. In particular in mobile client is able to increase battery life by turning off all unused modules in that moment. Also, if you type powercfg-energy, from the command line produces a report in html format rather detailed survey of all the problems related to energy conservation notebook.

8. Power Management Systems Business Server From a statistical analysis of the LAN is an increase of unity in server rooms. Are sold more and more servers and also very often used in relation to their under-performance computing. Impact: • Increased costs of maintenance and management. • Increased energy consumption. Massimo Dalla Nora. References [1] Slide

9. Cost reduction • In order to reduce the costs necessary to introduce new management policies. • In the case of a server room with little-used units must implement a new policy of rationalization and utilization of existing servers. Massimo Dalla Nora. References [1] Slide

10. Virtualization An effective response to solve the problem is to use the virtualization of operating systems and applications they use. Virtualization technologies allow to optimize the exploitation of resources, saving on the purchase of machines and the best use of existing ones. It also allows us to realize the consolidation: more separate servers dedicated to as many tasks, reside in the same physical machine. Furthermore, with modern software can be transferred into production systems in use on old hardware stations in new locations and leave intact the software. It makes it a real migration. Massimo Dalla Nora. References [1] Slide

11. Virtualization • From the technological point of view, is interposed a software layer that decouples the core operating system hardware, allowing you to create as many virtual machines host environments that share the same resources. Massimo Dalla Nora. References [1] Slide

12. 2° Edition of Windows Server 2008 R2: Virtual Machine Optimization and Redistribution of two processors, the other two processors are switched off with energy savings. Processor is “parked” Processor is “parked” Luca De Angelis. References [3] Slide

13. Environmental impact and the problem of disposal of computers • Computers, mobile phones, household appliances to everyday items and materials are highly toxic and polluting. These items can not be taken directly to landfill because it would cause pollution of the aquifer. They can not even be incinerated in the atmosphere due to the sale of highly toxic substances. When designing a LAN should be taken into account that once amortized purchase costs there will be new costs due to disposal of such waste electronic equipment (RAEE)

14. Hardware disassembly and recovery of gold and other materials for reuse in industry • If you make a good recovery is possible to obtain a large amount of elements reducing disposal costs while gaining a big advantage for the environment. Recovery of Gold from the RAEE. • In the computer is used in the gold-plated contacts for connecting the microprocessor in the legs. There are about 2 / 4 grams of metal per tonne, the problem is the extraction, currently the bulk of electronic waste is sent to China and Africa.

15. Example environmental disaster To retrieve a few kilograms of copper wires are burned with severe damage to the soil, atmosphere, and people.

16. Gold mining with traditional methods. • The extraction method is very complex. A global environmental emergency shall consist of the artisanal gold mining extraction activities in underdeveloped or developing. The problem is dall'avvelenamento mercury: it is used to capture the gold. Then the gold is separated from mercury by evaporating it with heat. Mercury is released into the environment and inhaled by workers in the form of steam. The situation is particularly severe in Mozambique, where more than 10 000 people are employed directly or indirectly are artisanal gold. It is estimated that this activity releases into 1000 tons of mercury per year.

17. Disassembly Line • The disposal of electronic equipment that provides the computer, once you are planting, they start the line where disassembly is the disassembly of all components, with the recovery of iron and aluminum. • The cathode ray tube, found in computer monitors and televisions, after the intake of harmful dust, the glass is crushed and used, for example, buildings for the production of tiles. • The recovery of plastics can be obtained through the grinding process. • Finally, the disposal is el'inertizzazione of harmful components in the capacitors and batteries.

18. Gold and metals recovery from electronic boards. • Removed from the electronic boards are removed the electrolytic capacitors and batteries, which contain elements very harmful to the environment. Then we proceed to the recovery of copper, tin and gold. • To recover and reuse metals, circuit boards are shredded and pulverized.

19. Gold and metals recovery from electronic boards. • The powder obtained is subjected to the washes to remove the plastic materials. The process [4] involves the solution of metals in acid, is then used as an extractive agent distarch sulphides [4] which is able to extract about 50% of gold from the acid solution in a tenth of the normal time needed. The new agent works on a selective basis to extract the gold, leaving behind the metals such as iron and copper in the solution. References [4] Article website

20. Example of use of gold in electronics • Example of microprocessors with gold-plated pin and SIM cards used in mobile telephony.

21. Bibliography