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American Revolution/ French Revolution. Unit 1: Essential Question #2 How did the principles and philosophies of the revolutions in England, the U.S. France and Latin America promote self-government and individual liberties?. Signing of Declaration of Independence.
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American Revolution/French Revolution Unit 1: Essential Question #2 How did the principles and philosophies of the revolutions in England, the U.S. France and Latin America promote self-government and individual liberties?
Began w/Declaration of Independence long war (1776-1781) goal was independence/ representative government successful American Revolution
French Revolution • Began w/formation of National Assembly and storming of Bastille • reforms could not be sustained • goal was to end oppression of monarchy/feudalism • unsuccessful
Both Revolutions • Influenced by Enlightenment ideas (What are some examples?) • 18th Century • rebelled against a king (Who are they?) • period of chaos followed revolution
American: Colonial lawyers protested the Stamp Act, and leaders encourage conflict with British authorities French: Rousseau and Voltaire spread new ideas about power and authority in government. Enlightenment ideas about democracy and equality Writers denounce existing conditions and provide new goals and ideas:
Colonists engaged in protests and boycotts, including the Boston Tea Party Violent rebellion(Storming of the Bastille); Peasants rob nobles manors, and a mob of women attack Versailles (7000) Public discontent result in riots and other acts of violence
French Revolution Intellectual Causes • Liberty - Human Rights/Natural Rights. • The sovereignty of the people. • Equality - meant equal rights for all under the Law.
British Parliament repealed the Stamp Act; Britain fought the colonists and lost King and Queen forced to declare support for the revolution; and joined the National Assembly in wiping out Old Regime privileges The ruling group is frightened into making repeated concessions until power is transferred.
The weak national government led to Shay’s rebellion. National Assembly strips church of political independence; Catholic peasants stopped supporting the revolution; Legislative Assembly formed (radicals, moderates, liberals) The reformers carry out their reforms, but if their measures are drastic, the nation splits into rival groups
Colonial leaders created a new constitution and a new system of government 1792, radicals in the Jacobin Club urged the National Convention to abolish the monarch and establish a republic. King found guilty of treason and executed. Radicals seize power from moderates and try to impose their views on the nation
Moderates gained the addition of a Bill of Rights to the Constitution Moderate leaders of National Convention turned on Robespierre and company; drafted a new constitution and gave power to middle class; Constitution called for a two house legislature and an executive body (Directory) The public tires of the radicals, and moderates regain power.