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The Atlanta Aerosol (in 10 min)

The Atlanta Aerosol (in 10 min). Rodney Weber Georgia Tech rweber@eas.gatech.edu 404-894-1750, www.aerosols.eas.gatech.edu. Atlanta and the PM2.5 NAAQS. From: Eric Edgerton, ARA Inc. Atlanta. Yorkville rural pair. Aerosol Chemistry. Need aerosol chemistry to study PM sources

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The Atlanta Aerosol (in 10 min)

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  1. The Atlanta Aerosol(in 10 min) Rodney Weber Georgia Tech rweber@eas.gatech.edu 404-894-1750, www.aerosols.eas.gatech.edu

  2. Atlanta and the PM2.5 NAAQS From: Eric Edgerton, ARA Inc. Atlanta Yorkville rural pair

  3. Aerosol Chemistry • Need aerosol chemistry to study PM • sources • health effects • PM2.5 Mostly • Sulfate • Carbonaceous • Organic • Elemental (Soot)

  4. Sulfate Aerosol SO2 from coal-fired power plants. (EPA; Document 454-R-04-002) Industrial/Institutional energy production,... Emissions also includes toxic substances, e.g., mercury

  5. Sulfate Aerosol Local Sulfate Regional Sulfate Power plants lead to large localized PM

  6. Surface PM spikes often driven by sulfate ~ 40 High degree of short-term variability (PM2.5 can double in a few hours) 24 h vs 1 h avg. Jefferson Street, Atlanta (rain) (rain)

  7. Sulfate Aerosol Summary • Sulfate is a large fraction of Atlanta PM2.5 • implications for meeting NAAQS. • Characterized by regional w/ superimposed local emissions. • Possible links between transient PM and Myocardial Infarction (Peters et al., Circulation 2001, 103: 2810-15) • Transient PM not observed in 24-hr averages • No hourly PM standard

  8. Carbonaceous Aerosol Primary (insoluble) + Secondary (soluble) • Organic and Elemental Carbon • Mainly from internal combustion engines + OC biogenic sources • Also includes toxic substances, e.g., aromatic VOCs, PAHs, metals

  9. Exposure to Carbonaceous Aerosol and Proximity to Highways Geographical - Carbonaceous Georgia Tech vs 75/85 Georgia Institute of Technology (GIT) Roof top of ES&T Building Next to I-75/85 ~ 400 m from GIT and ~1 m from highway V.S.

  10. 400 m Georgia Tech vs 75/85 June 15-18, 2005 Uncertainty is 5%, based on side by side comparisons 11 7.8 4.5 4.7 4.3 0.5 (soot) (Water-Soluble) EC: 9 times higher at road (EC is all primary) OC: 1.4 times higher at road (mainly due to insoluble primary) WSOC: Little difference (WSOC is almost all secondary)

  11. Atlanta vs Rural Comparison on a larger spatial scale Georgia Institute of Technology (GIT) Roof top of ES&T Building Yorkville, GA ~80 km west of GIT V.S.

  12. Atlanta vs Rural July 23-27, 2005 Directly emitted (primary) carbonaceous aerosol higher in Atlanta Secondary (water-soluble) organic carbon spatially uniform

  13. Carbonaceous Aerosol 1. OC large fraction of Atlanta PM2.5 -implications for meeting NAAQS. 2. Importance of location depends on what components of carbonaceous aerosol are health risks: a) Primary components (primary OC & EC - apparent risk) • tends to be water-insoluble (pure HCs) • spatially non-uniform • sources fairly well known. b) Secondary components (health risk??, 60-75% of OC in summer) • tends to be soluble in water (oxygenated-HCs) • spatially uniform • source not well known (mainly unknown chemical comp.) • linked to biogenic VOCs (terpenes/isoprene: trees) ? • linked to vehicle emissions ? • Implications on how to regulate.

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