Contrast the economies, societies, and political views of the North and the South.

1. Objectives • Contrast the economies, societies, and political views of the North and the South. • Describe the role of the Free-Soil Party in the election of 1848. • Analyze why slavery in the territories was a divisive issue between North and South and how Congress tried to settle the issue in 1850.

2. Wilmot Proviso – outlawed slavery in lands won from Mexico Free-Soil Party – a political party that promised free soil, free speech, free labor, and free men popular sovereignty – followers believed a territory’s voters should decide themselves whether to allow slavery Terms and People

3. Terms and People(continued) • secede – to break away, especially from the Union • Compromise of 1850 – legislation designed to avoid division between North and South over slavery • Fugitive Slave Act – stringent laws that required citizens to apprehend fugitive slaves

4. How did Congress try to resolve the dispute between North and South over slavery? As the nation expanded, the problem of slavery became a divisive and difficult issue to resolve. Different economies and viewpoints of the North and the South hindered compromise.

6. The North and the South had very different views of slavery.

8. The North and South had different views about new territories. • The North wanted the new territories to be free states. • The South wanted thenew territories to beslave states.

9. Keeping a balance between free and slave states became the focus of Congress. It was defeated, but it brought the slavery issue into public debate. In 1846, the Wilmot Proviso stated that all lands acquired from Mexico would be free territories.

10. In the election of 1848, the two political parties, the Democrats and the Whigs, split over the issue of slaveryand a third party was formed, the Free-Soil Party.

11. The Free-Soil party lost the election but had a large influence on politics before the Civil War.

12. The Democrats and Whigs were forced to address the slavery issue. • Both parties supported popular sovereignty, havingvoters in a territory decide whether their territory would be free or slave. • Having voters decide had wide appeal since it seemed to keep with the tradition of American democracy. It would also remove Congress from the controversy.

13. Once again, the slavery issue was debated in the Senate by three political leaders. Henry Clay from the West Daniel Webster from the North John Calhoun from the South

14. Henry Clay proposed a compromise balancing the number of free states and slave states in Congressknown as the Compromise of 1850.

15. Calhoun and Webster’s positions on Clay’s compromise during Senate debate:

16. The Compromise of 1850 finally became a law stating that: The compromise brought calm to the nation, but larger crises loomed.

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