The Elements of Nonfiction Grade 7

The Elements of NonfictionGrade 7

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Objectives objectives • understand elements of an argument (claim, support) • analyze persuasive techniques (appeals by association, emotional appeals, loaded language)

Take Out • Binder with Paper • Use Cornell Note-taking method.

NONFICTION Part 5

NONFICTION • LEARNING GOAL – READ NONFICTION WITH INCREASED COMPREHENSION AND A CRITICAL, ANALYTICAL POINT OF VIEW.

Nonfiction • Part 1: What Is an Argument? - a claim supported by reasons and evidence. • In formal speaking and writing, an argument is not emotional. • A claim is a writer’s position on a problem or an issue. • A claim might be stated directly, as in this example: “Crunchy Puffs are an important part of a nutritious breakfast.” • Sometimes a writer’s claim is implied, as in this slogan: • “Juan for Student Council—Let the Good Times Roll.” The slogan suggests that if Juan is elected, everyone at school will have more fun. • The strength of an argument depends not on the claim but on the support, or the reasons and evidence that are used to prove the claim. • Evidence can take many forms, including facts, statistics, and

Nonfiction – Argument & Persuasion • Examples of claims: • • Middle school students with jobs should set aside 20 percent of their earnings for college. • • If you like fashion, friends, and fun, you’ll love the Farley School of Design. • Support - is information that helps prove a claim. It is what persuades readers to accept a writer’s claim. • Besides facts, statistics, and examples, support may include anecdotes and quotations from ordinary people or from experts.

Nonfiction – Argument & Persuasion • People aren’t only logical; they are emotional. • Persuasive Techniques – methods intended to affect people’s feelings.

Nonfiction – Argument & Persuasion • Persuasive Techniques: Appeals By Association • Bandwagon- Desire to belong “See what everyone is talking about” • Testimonial – Uses celebrities or satisfied customers to persuade. • Transfer – Connects a product to a positive image or idea.

Nonfiction – Argument & Persuasion • Persuasive Techniques – Loaded Language: • Words with Positive Associations (all-natural) • Words with Negative Associations (tired, stale, dry)

Nonfiction – Argument & Persuasion • Persuasive Techniques – Emotional Appeals: • Appeal to Pity – tap into compassion (ASPCA) • Appeal to Fear (ADT Home Security) • Appeal to Vanity – “Only the best drive …

Nonfiction • Textbook Pages 912-917

Nonfiction- Objectives • Elements of Nonfiction • • explore the key idea of salaries • • analyze the elements of an argument (claim, support, counterargument) • • analyze an argument • • read editorials • Reading • • evaluate reasoning • Vocabulary • • build vocabulary for reading and writing • • define idioms by using context clues (also an • EL language objective) • Grammar and Writing • • use commas correctly (items in a series, • introductory phrases) • • use writing to analyze literature

Nonfiction- Are people paid fairly? • Summary • The first writer believes that athletes should be paid high salaries because they generate a lot of revenue. • The second writer believes that players’ salaries are outrageous, making a sad commentary on our social values.

Reading Strategy • evaluate reasoning • When you analyze an argument, it is important to look for fallacies, or errors in reasoning, like those explained below: • • An overgeneralizationis a statement about a group of people or things that is much too broad to be true. “All teenagers love to listen to loud music” is an overgeneralization, because not all teenagers do. • • A single-cause fallacy suggests there is only one cause for something when there are actually several. “The only reason people go to the beach is to swim” is a single-cause fallacy. People might go to sunbathe or to hang out with friends. • As you read, use a chart to record errors in reasoning

elements of nonfiction: argument • An argument expresses a position on an issue or problem and provides support for that position. • Strong arguments have the following elements: • • a claim, which is the writer’s main idea or position • • support, or reasons and evidence that back up the claim • counterarguments, which are arguments made to address points that someone with an opposing view might raise. • As you read, identify the elements in each argument.

Textbook Pages 918-927

The Elements of Nonfiction Grade 7