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The Nervous System: Organization and Tissues

The Nervous System: Organization and Tissues. Chapter 11. Functions of the Nervous System. Organization of the Nervous System. Histology of the Nervous System. Neuroglial cells Neurons. Neuroglial Cells of the Central Nervous System. Neuroglial Cells of the Peripheral Nervous System.

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The Nervous System: Organization and Tissues

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  1. The Nervous System: Organization and Tissues Chapter11

  2. Functions of the Nervous System

  3. Organization of the Nervous System

  4. Histology of theNervous System • Neuroglial cells • Neurons

  5. Neuroglial Cells of theCentral Nervous System

  6. Neuroglial Cells of thePeripheral Nervous System

  7. Neurons • Characteristics • Excitable • Longevity • High Metabolic Rate • Sometimes Large • Amitotic • May Regenerate

  8. Parts of a Neuron

  9. Myelin Sheath and Neurilemma

  10. Structural Classificationof Neurons

  11. Functional Classificationof Neurons

  12. Functional Classificationof Neurons

  13. Neurophysiology • Electrical currents correspond to the flow ions across cellular membranes • Ion channels allow the flow of ions into and out of the cell • Passive, or leakage, channels • Active, or gated, channels

  14. Passive or Leakage Channels

  15. Chemically Gated Channels

  16. Voltage Gated Channels

  17. Location of Channels Leakage Channels Chemical Channels Voltage Channels

  18. Resting Membrane Potential

  19. Depolarization

  20. Graded Potentials versus Action Potentials

  21. Action Potential

  22. Propagation of anAction Potential

  23. Propagation of anAction Potential

  24. Sodium Potassium Pump

  25. Propagation of anAction Potential

  26. Propagation of anAction Potential

  27. The Synapse Presynaptic neurons versus Postsynaptic neurons

  28. Chemical Synapse

  29. Electrical Synapse

  30. Classes of Neurotransmitters • Acetylcholine: excitatory (skeletal muscle) • Biogenic amines • Dopamine, Norepinephrine, and epinephrine (feel good catecholamines) • Serotonin: mood, sleep, appetite & anger (inhibitory) • Histamine • Amino acids • GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) (inhibitory) • Glutamate: excitatory • Peptides • Endorphins and enkephalins: inhibitory (opioids)

  31. Neurotransmitters

  32. Neurotransmitters

  33. Neurotransmitters

  34. Neurotransmitters

  35. Neurotransmitters

  36. Neurotransmitters

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