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The National Non-Food Crops Centre

The National Non-Food Crops Centre. Emerging technologies for renewable materials in the UK and EU Dr Adrian Higson 233 rd National Meeting & Exposition American Chemical Society Chicago 27 th January 2007. NNFCC Policy Drivers Feedstock Market Sectors Conclusion.

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The National Non-Food Crops Centre

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  1. The National Non-Food Crops Centre Emerging technologies for renewable materials in the UK and EU Dr Adrian Higson 233rd National Meeting & Exposition American Chemical Society Chicago 27th January 2007 • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Conclusion From crops to cashflow: building sustainable supply chains

  2. Remit • NNFCC is the single, independent source of information on the use and implementation of non-food crops, products and technologies in the UK • Aiming to: • Develop credible supply chain models for all crop-derived materials, processes and by-products used in non-food applications • Advise industry, Government and academia on mechanisms to reduce supply chain constraints in emerging market areas • Encourage the development of new UK business sectors • Develop specific communication packages and tailored events for the media, schools and the general public • NNFCC • Remit • Funding • Staff • Services • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Conclusion

  3. Renewable Feedstocks ENERGY FUEL Short Rotation Coppice Wheat • NNFCC • Remit • Funding • Staff • Services • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Conclusion Cereal Straw Sugar Beet OSR Miscanthus Maize Hemp Linseed Potatoes Barley Flax Crambe STARCH OIL Nettle Camelina Echium FIBRE Calendula Poppy Peppermint Chamomile Borage SPECIALITY

  4. Funding • Government funding: • Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) • Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) - Bioscience for Business KTN • Membership Organisation • Industrial sponsors • Company subscriptions • Individual subscription • Project management / consultancy • Events • NNFCC • Remit • Funding • Staff • Services • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Conclusion

  5. Staff & Services The Team • Technology Translation Managers • Policy & Government Liaison Manager • Events Team • Communications & Information Team • Regional Officer • Office Support Staff Services • Database of information (www.nnfcc.co.uk) • Technology Translation / Transfer, Project management • Private studies / Consultancy • Conferences, Exhibitions and Seminars • Education / Raising awareness • NNFCC • Remit • Funding • Staff • Services • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Conclusion

  6. Policy Drivers • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Conclusion

  7. UK Policy Drivers • Kyoto Protocol • Reducing GHG emissions 12.5% below 1990 levels in period 2008 - 2012 • Renewables Obligation (RO) • Requires licensed electricity suppliers to source supply from renewable sources. The current target is 6.7% for 2006/07 rising to 15.4% by 2015/16. • Renewable Transport Fuels Obligation (RTFO) • Fuel suppliers will be obliged to ensure that 5% of all fuel sold on UK forecourts to come from a renewable source by 2010. • Waste Regulations • Landfill Directive • Packaging Directive • Waste Incineration Directive • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Conclusion

  8. UK Resources Total UK Agricultural Land = 18.5 million ha Arable = 6Mha • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Conclusion Set-aside = 0.6Mha NFC = 0.25Mha Land available for NFC production = 1.5 – 2Mha Woodland =2.8Mha (10 MT timber) • Agricultural waste = 80 MT • Food industry by-products = 30MT • Municipal Waste streams = 25MT • - Garden waste = 5MT • - Paper and board = 4.5MT • - Compostable kitchen waste = 4.5MT • Timber & wood waste = 2.8MT

  9. UK Resources A) Non-Food Crop areas grown on set-aside land in the UK • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Conclusion 1) Estimated area grown outside set-aside land B) Area of non-food crop production identified through various support schemes on non-set aside land in the UK

  10. Key Market Sectors • Lubricants • Total loss systems, hydraulics, engine oils • Polymers and bulk chems • Renewable polymers, biodegradables, solvents • Medicines • Cosmeceuticals, Neutraceuticals, OTC’s, Rx medicines • Construction • New materials, Insulation • Energy • Biodiesel, bioethanol • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Lubricants • Polymers • Medicines • Construction • Energy • Conclusion

  11. Biolubricant Markets • Biodegradable Lubricants • Number of products already in marketplace • Potential for increased commercialisation in number of end uses • Main Drivers • Environmental legislation • Lubricity • Biodegradability • Low toxicity • Ready and Sustainable supply • Common Crop Sources: Rapeseed, Sunflower, Soya, Palm. • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Lubricants • Polymers • Medicines • Construction • Energy • Conclusion

  12. Biolubricant Markets • Chain bar lubricants • Total of 30 M litres of oil used in EU • EA and Forestry Commission contractual requirement • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Lubricants • Polymers • Medicines • Construction • Energy • Conclusion • Represents around 40% of UK market – e.g., 220,000L • Metalworking oils – engine manufacture • Performance • Cost competitiveness • HSE benefits • Commercial Successes: • * Ford/Houghton • * Mercedes-Benz/Fuchs www.specialchem4polymers.com

  13. Lubricant Demonstration Project The construction of a resource centre at “The Eden project” UK, sited in Europe’s largest china clay pit. • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Lubricants • Polymers • Medicines • Construction • Energy • Conclusion

  14. Demonstration Project “…china clay is known within the quarrying industries to be one of the most invasive penetrative and destructive of all minerals…” Roger Powell, Director, Highway Plant Ltd • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Lubricants • Polymers • Medicines • Construction • Energy • Conclusion

  15. Renewable Polymers • Biologically produced polymers with unique properties: • Sustainable materials • Reduced processing • Burn cleanly • New functionalities • Biodegradable, compostable • Natural Biopolymers: Starch Based • Synthetic Biodegradable polymers: polylactic acid, polycaprolactone • Growth rates – 30% year up to 2010 • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Lubricants • Polymers • Medicines • Construction • Energy • Conclusion www.specialchem4polymers.com www.specialchem4polymers.com

  16. Polymer Market • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Lubricants • Polymers • Medicines • Construction • Energy • Conclusion UK Market ~ 5.0MT • W. Europe plastic waste (2000) = 19.5MT • Critical to divert waste from landfill • Waste Recovery (mechanical recycling, feedstock, energy) = 7MT • UK very low recovery rates www.specialchem4polymers.com www.specialchem4polymers.com

  17. UK Market Position BIGGEST VOLUME USE IS PACKAGING • SAINSBURY – 500 own branded products in compostable packs - Using Natureflex/MaterBi polymers - Replacing 3550 tonnes conventional plastic • IKEA – Replace all carrier bags Use starch hybrid bags • TESCO – Fresh produce containers Using Natureworks PLA • BELU – Spring water bottle Natureworks PLA Stocked by WAITROSE • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Lubricants • Polymers • Medicines • Construction • Energy • Conclusion

  18. UK Issues • The concept of a ‘Compostable plastic’ is not well understood by the general public • Practical and environmental benefits can only be realised if the material is composted or incinerated with energy recovery, not land-filled. • Composting takes advantage of biodegradability and is favoured by the waste hierarchy but requires processes for effective waste stream separation. • EN 13432 defines criteria for biodegradability and compostability and is recommended in Directive 94/62/EC • Companies have launched logos which conform to EN 13432 and are applied to the packaging material. • Focussed on segregation of the biopolymer from the non-bio waste stream followed by composting.

  19. Medicines • Markets • Single compound pharmaceuticals, e.g., taxol, etoposide • Whole plant extracts, e.g., cannabinoids for MS • Therapeutic proteins, e.g., antibodies against HIV • Growing market in neutraceuticals e.g., Omega fatty acids and fish oil replacements • World class science base • UK agriculture is world leader in traceability – critical for crop used in pharmaceutical applications • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Lubricants • Polymers • Medicines • Construction • Energy • Conclusion

  20. High-Value Applications Modern drugs from plants; opiates (analgesia), cannabanoids (MS), and anti-malerials • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Lubricants • Polymers • Medicines • Construction • Energy • Conclusion Artemisinin Tetrahydrocannabinol THC Cannabidiol CBD Morphine, Pethidine Methadone Grown & Processed in the UK

  21. High-Value Applications • Medicinal - Galanthamine (Reminyl) • Extracted from daffodil bulbs • Used to manufacture Reminyl, an Alzheimer’s drug • UK Bulb producers do supply into this market (~25,000 t/annum) • Galanthamine can be extracted in the UK • Cosmeceutical - Bog Myrtle (Sweet Gale) • Developed by Highland Natural Products/Boots • 5000ha trial plantation being established • Expect £700/ha by Year 4 • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Lubricants • Polymers • Medicines • Construction • Energy • Conclusion

  22. Construction Materials • Almost 50% of UK CO2 emissions come from the construction or use of buildings • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Lubricants • Polymers • Medicines • Construction • Energy • Conclusion Hemp in Construction • Hemp stems produce fibre (outer layers; 30%) and “shiv” (central core; about 60%) • Mixing hemp shiv with special lime mixes (binder) at 1:2 by weight produces “hemcrete”; a light-weight, breathable walling material • Brick & AAC block 97 – 216 kg/m2 • Rendered block & block 102 kg/m2 • 300mm Hemcrete wall- 31 kg/m2 • 500mm Hemcrete wall- 53 kg/m2

  23. Construction Materials • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Lubricants • Polymers • Medicines • Construction • Energy • Conclusion

  24. Construction Materials • Natural Fibre Insulation Materials • Growing sector in European market • From hemp / flax fibre or wool • Demonstrate many advantageous properties over glass and rockwool e.g. handling and disposal • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Lubricants • Polymers • Medicines • Construction • Energy • Conclusion

  25. Construction Materials • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Lubricants • Polymers • Medicines • Construction • Energy • Conclusion

  26. Construction Materials • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Lubricants • Polymers • Medicines • Construction • Energy • Conclusion

  27. Renewable Fuels • Current Status • 1st generation technologies are now becoming established • Enormous potential for UK production of biofuels • Land availability & food supply constraints • 2010 RTFO committment of 5% replacement will require around 2 million tonnes of biofuel – if met by the UK would need around 1.3 -1.5MHa of wheat and OSR • LCVP sustainability criteria due 2008 • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Lubricants • Polymers • Medicines • Construction • Energy • Conclusion

  28. Bio-ethanol • Market established through imports • Large volume of planned capacity • British Sugar plant production 2007, 60,000 tonnes from sugar beet • Ensus putting steel in ground Q2 2007, 320,000 tonnes capacity, production 2009 • Preferred feedstock - wheat • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Lubricants • Polymers • Medicines • Construction • Energy • Conclusion

  29. Bio-Diesel • Established production capacity • E.g. Biofuels corporation, capacity 250,000 tonnes • Mixed vegetable oil feedstock • Oilseed rape • Palm oil • Soya bean oil • Sunflower • Used cooking oil • Tallow • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Lubricants • Polymers • Medicines • Construction • Energy • Conclusion

  30. 2nd Generation Biofuels • Choren JV with Shell • Biomass to synthesis gas to diesel • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Lubricants • Polymers • Medicines • Construction • Energy • Conclusion

  31. 2nd Generation Biofuels • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Lubricants • Polymers • Medicines • Construction • Energy • Conclusion 1st Gen Biodiesel 2nd Gen Diesel Concawe/Eucar/JRC Well to Wheel Study

  32. 2nd Generation Biofuels • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Lubricants • Polymers • Medicines • Construction • Energy • Conclusion 30 dt/ha Energy Maize 15 -18 dt/ha Source: KWS

  33. Biorefineries • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Lubricants • Polymers • Medicines • Construction • Energy • Conclusion Figure from Ragauskas et al, (2006) The Path Forward for Biofuels and Biomaterials. Science 311: 484-489

  34. Conclusion; Room to Grow! • Bio-Energy and Bio-Fuels are big business. The UK is behind the US, Germany, others, but activity is increasing • For 1st generation fuels, on-farm and/or cooperative ventures are possible (and probably best suited to scattered communities) • 2nd Generation Fuels are emerging. These need to be developed at large scale for full benefits to be realised • Carbon savings can be made in other sectors, eg construction, chemicals, materials. • Huge potential for both UK agriculture & industry • Still not making use of the land we have available to us! • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Conclusion

  35. Further Information • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Conclusion www.nnfcc.co.uk

  36. Thank You • NNFCC • Policy Drivers • Feedstock • Market Sectors • Conclusion www.nnfcc.co.uk Building sustainable supply chains

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