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Pre-European Native Societies

Pre-European Native Societies. Period 1: (1491-1607). Thematic Learning Objectives. Focus of AP Exam Questions: MIG-2.0: Analyze causes of internal migration and patterns of settlement in what would become the U.S., and explain how migration has affected American life.

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Pre-European Native Societies

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  1. Pre-European Native Societies Period 1: (1491-1607)

  2. Thematic Learning Objectives Focus of AP Exam Questions: • MIG-2.0: Analyze causes of internal migration and patterns of settlement in what would become the U.S., and explain how migration has affected American life. • GEO-1.0: Explain how geographic and environmental factors shaped the development of various communities, and analyze how competition over natural resources have affected both interactions among different groups and the development of government policies.

  3. Main Idea • Different Native societies adapted to and transformed their environments through innovations in agriculture, resource use, and social structure.

  4. The First Americans • Bering Strait – land bridge  10,000 yrs. Before Columbus

  5. Civilizations of the South (Central and South America) • Mexico (Aztecs) • Tenochtitlan. • Components of their civilization: • Public buildings (large structures), irrigation systems, roads, extensive trade networks. • How powerful were they? • Who were their slaves? • Religion? • Inca (Peru) • Andes Mountains. • Similar components of Mexico.

  6. Tenochtitlan

  7. Civilizations of the North (Present day U.S.) • Not developed like civilizations of the South. • Adapted to diverse environments. • Civilizations we’ll talk about: • Great Basin, Great Plains. • Northeast, Miss. River Valley, Atlantic seaboard. • Northwest, present day California. • Southwest.

  8. Great Basin, Great Plains • Arid region. • Most effective lifestyle? • Resources? • Important Spanish contribution later on. • Tribes include: • Shoshone, N/S Paiute, Nez Perce.

  9. Shoshone Indian Tribe • Nez Perce Indians

  10. What’s the difference in the paintings?

  11. Northeast, Miss. River Valley, Atlantic seaboard • Forests and woodlands. • Most effective lifestyle? • Benefits of Mississippi River Valley? • Northeast nomadic farming/hunting. • Tribes include: • Iroquois, Algonquians. • Powhatan

  12. Northwest, present day California • Most effective lifestyle? • Social hierarchy. • Tribes include: • Chinook.

  13. Chinook Indians

  14. Southwest • Most effective lifestyle? • How did this arid region support this lifestyle? • Tribes include: • Pueblo.

  15. Pueblo

  16. Tribes to read about: • Shoshone. • Iroquois, Algonquians. • Chinook. • Pueblo.

  17. Misunderstandings/Issues • Gender  Matrilineal • Land  Private Property • Religion  Animism/Polytheistic

  18. Columbian Exchange Revolutionized life in Europe, Africa, & Americas

  19. Reasons for Exploration • 3 Goals • Gold & Silver • Military Competition • Spread of Christianity

  20. Impacts • Americans  Europe & Africa • Maize, Potato, Tomato • Impact: Population Explosion • Europe  America • Wheat, Rice, Horses, Chickens, Oxen • Impact: Disease, New Social class (Mestizos) Horse, Encomienda System • Europe  Africa • Slavery

  21. Encomienda system • Spanish settlers granted Indian lands and labor. (Land still owned by Spain). • Marshalled Lifestyle for Natives • Plantation-based agriculture on haciendas. • Extract precious metals. • Who were likely to receive encomiendas from the Spanish crown? • What do the natives get out of it??? • How were they treated???

  22. Encomienda system • What can be another name for the encomienda system? • Who gradually replaces Indian slave labor? How did encomienda end and repartimiento emerge? • Opposition of views. • Juan de Sepulveda (anti-Indian/savages) • Bartolome de las Casas (pro-native) • Emergence of mestizos. • Resistance by the Natives to European encroachment • Maroon Communities

  23. African Slave Trade • Rising European demand for sugarcane. • Western coast of Africa. • Western African kingdoms. • Atlantic Slave Trade … Make sure you take notes. • Encroachment • Autonomy

  24. Caste System (Las Castas) • Diverse population in 16-17th century in the Americas. • Penninsulares • Creoles • Mestizos • Mullatos • Africans • What can you tell me about Spanish America society?

  25. Crash Course • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6E9WU9TGrec&index=1&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s

  26. Key Question • How did the spread of Maize cultivation from present-day Mexico to civilizations in North America support the following…. • Economic development? • Settlement? • Advanced irrigation? • Social diversification among societies?

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