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Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution. NCSCOS Goal 7.01, 7.03. Causes. Exploration and colonialism Colonies all around the world to produce raw materials Seapower Worlds largest navy and merchant fleet Political stability At home country was at peace and commerce thrived Government Support

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Industrial Revolution

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  1. Industrial Revolution NCSCOS Goal 7.01, 7.03

  2. Causes • Exploration and colonialism • Colonies all around the world to produce raw materials • Seapower • Worlds largest navy and merchant fleet • Political stability • At home country was at peace and commerce thrived • Government Support • Parliament passed laws supporting business • Growth of private investment • Funded experiments for creating better products (research and development)

  3. Enclosure Movement • More efficient farming • Threw many farmers off the land • They became industrial workers

  4. Factors of Production • Land • All of a places natural resources (coal, iron, water, etc.) • Labor • Growing population due to farming increases, people being kicked off of farms to work in industry • Capital • Funds for investment in business

  5. Revolution in textiles • Eli Whitney • Cotton Gin- removes seeds from cotton • Richard Arkwright • Spinning frame (makes stronger thread)

  6. Factories • Factory- a building that houses industrial machines

  7. Mine and forge • More powerful than water is coal. • More powerful than wood is iron. • Innovations make steel feasible. • “Puddling” [1820] – “pig iron.” • “Hot blast” [1829] – cheaper, purer steel. • Bessemer process [1856] – strong, flexible steel.

  8. Young Coal Miners

  9. Child Labor in the Mines Child “hurriers”

  10. The Factory System • Rigid schedule. • 12-14 hour day. • Dangerous conditions. • Mind-numbing monotony.

  11. New Inventions • Steam Ship- faster shipment of goods/people by water • Train- faster shipment of goods/people by land

  12. The Impact of the Railroad

  13. Developments • Mass production of goods • Increased numbers of goods • Increased diversity of goods produced • Development of factory system of production • Rural-to-urban migration • People left farms to work in cities • Development of capitalism • Financial capital for continued industrial growth • Development and growth of new socio-economic classes • Working class, bourgeoisie, and wealthy industrial class • Commitment to research and development • Investments in new technologies • Industrial and governmental interest in promoting invention, the sciences, and overall industrial growth

  14. Factories and Mass Production • Mass Production- system of manufacturing large numbers of identical items • Interchangeable Parts- identical machine parts • Assembly line- product moves from worker to worker as each one performs a step in the manufacturing process

  15. Competing Economic Views • Capitalism- economic system in which most businesses are privately owned • Socialism- a political and economic system in which society, usually the government, owns the means of production • Communism- System in which the government owns the means of production and controls economic planning

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