ICT Infrastructures and Climate Change

1. ICT Infrastructuresand Climate Change Chaesub Lee Chairman of ITU-T SG 13(ETRI, Korea)

2. ICTs and Climate Change • ICTs are part of using Energy (generation and consumption) impact to Climate Change 2~2.5 % • ICTs impact on using Energy (Delivery & consumption control)  The use of ICT is predicted to reduce total global GHG’s by 15% by 2020 ...and grow to 40% by 2050 Source: GeSi & EC. Europa

3. Important to build “Green ICT” Green by ICT Green of ICT ICT is part of the problem ICT is a necessary part of the solution

4. Green of ICT vs Green by ICT • ‘Green of ICT’ influences only 2% of global CO2 emission, while ‘Green by ICT’ covers the other 98% • ‘Green of ICT’ can reduce 845 million TCO2 worldwide, while ‘Green by ICT’ can lead to 4.89billion TCO2 reduction globally • ’Green by ICT’ is approximately 5 times more effective than ‘Green of ICT’ in terms of CO2 reduction Green of ICT (2%) 845 million TCO2 reduction effect Green by ICT (98%) 4.89 billion TCO2 reduction effect Global CO2 Emissions Source : Gartner 2007

5. ICTs in terms of CC impacts * Ref: ITU-T FG on ICT&CC Deliverable 3 “Methodology”

6. Internet traffic is increasing exponentially • New network services: Tele-working, High Definition Video etc • Network power consumption will increase by 13 times (from 2006→2025), although ICT average will increase by 5 times Energy consumption trends of Network (ref. Internet) Energy saving in Network should be a important issue * Ref: FGFN-C25 “Energy Saving Network Technologies”, Fujitsu Ltd, 11. 2009

7. Examples of energy saving points in Network Operation Energy saving by GPON Energy saving points of Router Energy consumption of one router:7.1 kW x 24 hours x 365 days = 62,600kWh * Ref: FGFN-C25 “Energy Saving Network Technologies”, Fujitsu Ltd, 11. 2009 * Ref: ITU-T FG on ICT&CC Deliverable 4 “Direct and Indirect Impact of ITU-T Standards”

8. Potential contribution of NGN(1/3) • Unified network architecture • Network convergence involves a migration from multiple separate networks to a unique IP based network and requires a centralization of applications and services control • the evolution to a unified network could allow telecom operators to share network equipment and management functions

9. Potential contribution of NGN(2/3) • advantages of centralization of NGN • Dissemination of smart terminals that are less energy and material intensive. • Reducing manufacturing complexity and electronic waste: cables, installation space, etc • Offering the possibility to share central, powerful, up-to-date computing resources in data centres • Reducing the energy consumption of server farms. • Increasing efficiency (eco-efficiency) by requiring fewer premises • An NGN architecture can greatly reduces the number of centres required • An NGN architecture can eliminate the need for a close geographic link betweenthe switching and data centre and users

10. Potential contribution of NGN(3/3) • Making use of Multiple Power Modes in NGNs related technology • Full Power Mode • Low Power Mode • Stand by • Hibernation • Elements in NGNs architecture where power consumption could be measured include • Transmission systems • Switching centres • Data centres

11. Key Features of Horizontal Network configuration * Ref: FGFN-C25 “Energy Saving Network Technologies”, Fujitsu Ltd, 11. 2009

12. Example from BT: NGN impact overall network operation N G N • Resulting by • More Broad bandwidth • Extend Reachability • Support Convergence • Service vs. Transport • Integrated Management • Others 30 ~ 40% Reduction of Sites

13. Planning aspects: for example “Over-provisioning” vs. “Planned-provisioning” and others • Operation aspects: for example “Always on” vs. “Stand by” and “Best effort” vs. “Managed” and others • Service aspects: Single media vs. Multimedia, Single service vs. Binding between services or Convergence between different service environments • System aspects: Data storages, OAM&P systems, Router, Switch, Transmission systems, Duct operation, Emergency Power Feeding and others • Office operation aspects: Number of Offices and people within offices, Office operation related systems (e.g. lights, ventilation, cooling, Heating and others) • Others Energy considerations aspects of Network • Requirements (Operation, Planning and Functions) • Capabilities for services and OAM&P (including QoS, Security and Mobility etc.) • Functions and features allocation into functions • Protocols (for example to support “Stand by” mode) • System design and specification including power feeding conditions • others impact

14. Example of candidate trials: ECO Networking Technology • ECO Routing • Aggregate traffic into energy-saving path • Implement sleep mode for routers where possible • ECO Switching • Forward packets on timeslot basis with time scheduling • Buffer-less forwarding without packet loss • No routing table necessary * ECO: Energy Cost saving Overlay * Ref: FGFN-C25 “Energy Saving Network Technologies”, Fujitsu Ltd, 11. 2009

15. Conclusion Expansion roles of ICTs • ICTs had mainly involved in limited industries such as Telecom,computing etc. • But ICTs are now becoming essential parts of life • Furthermore ICTs is being important parts of social, national andinternational infrastructures Roles of ICTs in Protecting Environments • ICTs are rather environment friend than other industrial technologiesbut also have contribution to environment change • ICTs are being widely used whole processes of protecting environment • Several ICTs technologies are used at the field of environment Position of NGN in Protecting Environments • NGN is a common infrastructure for enabling ICTs and other industriesusing ICTs • NGN provides benefits to mitigate GHG by itself including supportvarious capabilities for protection of environments