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Mashael Alsufyani M.S.N ,community Health Nursing Nursing lecturer, King Saud University.

Mashael Alsufyani M.S.N ,community Health Nursing Nursing lecturer, King Saud University. How to Measure Vital Signs. Learning Objectives. After completion of this practical lecture, you will be able to: Know how to take vital signs.

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Mashael Alsufyani M.S.N ,community Health Nursing Nursing lecturer, King Saud University.

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  1. Mashael Alsufyani M.S.N ,community Health Nursing Nursing lecturer, King Saud University. How to Measure Vital Signs

  2. Learning Objectives After completion of this practical lecture, you will be able to: Know how to take vital signs. Demonstrate the correct procedure to take a temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. Know the normal ranges for Adult Vital Signs.

  3. Have equipment clean and ready Wash hands Identify the person Introduce yourself if necessary Go to a private or quiet area Explain the procedure Document your results. Before beginning any procedure

  4. Respiration

  5. Equipment Hand watch

  6. How to Take Respiration Rate Respirations may be counted by watching the number of times a person’s chest rises and falls in one minute. You may want to place your fingers on the persons wrist. They may also be counted by placing the hand on the chest. The normal adult rate is 12-16 respirations per minute. Count persons respirations for 60 seconds (inhale + exhale =1 breath) Document respiration rate and any abnormal findings or irregularities.

  7. Abnormal findings: Hyperventilation: increased respiratory rate. Occurs during exercise, infection, emotional stress, shock. Hypoventilation: decreased respiratory rate. Occurs during sleep, overdose of certain drugs. Apnoea: cessation of breathing.

  8. Pulse

  9. Equipment Hand watch

  10. How to Take Pulse Place two or three fingers over the radial artery (in the wrist) Count beats for 60 seconds using watch or clock with a second hand. Normal heart rate: 60 – 100/ minute. Recount beats if pulse is irregular Document and report any irregularities

  11. Normal heart rate: 60 – 100/ minute. Regular in rate and rhythm, strong to touch. Tachycardia: Fast heart rate > 100/minute. Causes: exercise, infection, excitement, shock, heart attack. Bradycardia: Slow heart rate < 60/minute. Causes: sleep, rest, overdose of certain drugs, hypoxia.

  12. Temperature

  13. Sites to Measure Body Temperature Oral Axillary Tympanic & Rectal temperature.

  14. Equipments Alcohol swab Thermometer (Mercury , Digital and Tympanic)

  15. How to Measure Temperature In oral temperature remove the thermometer from the storage container and cleanse it from bulb's toward the fingertip . check the thermometer & shake it if the mercury over 35◦c. Place the thermometer in the client mouth under the tongue and instruct the client to hold the lips closed. Remove the thermometer and read at eye level and rotate slowly until the mercury level is visualized. Measures for reuse mercury thermometer, just wash under running water.

  16. Normal body temperatures is 36.5-37.5◦c Hypothermia: low temperature Occurs in severe loss of body fluids through excessive vomiting, diarrhea, bleeding, shock. Hyperthermia: high temperature Occurs as a result of infection, heat illness, injuries.

  17. Blood pressure

  18. Equipments Sphygmomanometer. Stethoscope. Cuff.

  19. How to Measure Blood Pressure Open the mercury, make sure that the cuff, pump & tubes are functioning. Apply the cuff on forearm correctly & put the stethoscope over the site of brachial artery. Clean the earpieces with alcohol & insert it into the ear correctly. Close the pump & elevate the mercury. Release the valve of the cuff carefully & note in the mercury line the first sound Continue to deflate the cuff gradually, noting the point at which sound disappear or changed. Remove the cuff from the arm & fold it then close the mercury tank.

  20. Normal blood pressure: 120/80 – 100/70. Hypertension: high blood pressure. Occurs in atherosclerosis, obesity, increasing age,exercise. Hypotension: low blood pressure. Occurs in fluid loss in vomiting, diarrhea, shock, bleeding.

  21. After Completing any Procedure: Wash Hands Document Report abnormal readings Clean and put away equipment

  22. Summary In this practical lecture we have discuss the following: Know how to take vital signs. Demonstrate the correct procedure to take a temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. Know the normal ranges for Adult Vital Signs.

  23. Referenceshttp://www.cmhcm.org/provider/centrain/Training_Units/Measuring_Vital_Signs.pdfhttp://www.waybuilder.net/sweethaven/medtech/vitals/default.asp?iNum=0301http://www.nursingtimes.net/nursing-practice/clinical-zones/management/measuring-body-temperature/5051350.articleReferenceshttp://www.cmhcm.org/provider/centrain/Training_Units/Measuring_Vital_Signs.pdfhttp://www.waybuilder.net/sweethaven/medtech/vitals/default.asp?iNum=0301http://www.nursingtimes.net/nursing-practice/clinical-zones/management/measuring-body-temperature/5051350.article

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